August "Gus" Vollmer (March 7, 1876 - November 4, 1955) was the first police chief of Berkeley, California and a prominent figure in the development of criminal justice in the United States in the early 20th century.
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Vollmer was born in New Orleans to the parents of German immigrants, John and Philopine (Klundt) Vollmer. Her father saw that she learned to pack and swim, both of which were great. After the death of his father, his mother returned to Germany with his children for two years, after which he returned to New Orleans in 1886, but soon afterward decided to move his family to San Francisco. In July 1890, the Vollmer family moved across the bay to Berkeley.
Before August 20, August helped set up the Northern Berkeley Volunteer Fire Department, and in 1897, awarded Berkeley Fireman's medal. She supported her mother and her entire family as partners in Patterson and Vollmer, a supply store of straw, wheat, wood and coal, on the corner of Shattuck Avenue and Vine Street near a fire station just north of downtown Berkeley.
In 1898, August registered in the United States Marines, fought in 25 battles in the Spanish-American War in the Philippines. Vollmer left the military in August 1899 and returned to Berkeley. In March 1900, he started working for the local post office.
Maps August Vollmer
Law enforcement
In 1904, he won fame as a local hero after he jumped into a train car that fled on Shattuck Avenue in downtown Berkeley and applied his brakes, preventing a collision with a passenger coach loaded with passengers at Berkeley station. This event led to his election as the marshal city on 10 April 1905.
In 1907, Vollmer was re-elected as a marshal city. He was also elected president of the California Police Chief, though, under the title, he has not been a police chief. In 1909, Berkeley invented the police chief's office, and Vollmer became the first to hold the post.
Based on his military experience, and his own research, Vollmer reorganized the Berkeley police force. Vollmer has found that very little literature exists in the United States concerning the issue of police work, so he discovers and reads a number of European works on this subject, in particular, Criminal Psychology, by Hans Gross, an Austrian criminologist, and Memoirs of Vidocq , by EugÃÆ'¨ne FranÃÆ'§ois Vidocq, head of the French police detective division in Paris. He then started a modernization program. He formed a bicycle patrol and created the first centralized police record system, designed to streamline and manage criminal investigations. He set up a network of call boxes. And he trains his deputies in shooting skills.
In the following years, Vollmer's reputation as "the father of modern law enforcement" grew. He is the first head that requires police officers to achieve a bachelor's degree, and persuades the University of California to teach criminal justice. In 1916, UC Berkeley established a criminal justice program, headed by Vollmer. At Berkeley, he teaches O.W. Wilson, who later became a professor and continued his efforts to professionalise the police, becoming the first person to establish the first police science degree at Wichita Municipal University (now Wichita State University). This is often seen as the beginning of criminal justice as an academic field.
Vollmer was also the first police chief to create motor power, placing officers on motorcycles and cars so they could patrol in larger areas with greater efficiency. The radio is included in a patrol car. He was also the first to use a lie detector, developed at the University of California, in police work. Vollmer supports the program to help disadvantaged children, and is often criticized for leniency against minor offenders such as drunks and homeless people. He also encouraged the training and work of female and African American police officers.
Next year
In 1921, Vollmer was elected president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Vollmer left the Berkeley Police Department for a brief assignment as police chief of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1923 to 1924, but was again disappointed by the level of corruption and hostility to leadership coming from outside the department.
Vollmer married Millicent Gardner in 1924. They had no children. In 1926, Vollmer played alone in the silent serial Officer 444 that was filmed in Berkeley under the direction of John Ford's older brother, Francis Ford.
Vollmer contributed to part of the Wickersham Commission's national criminal justice report of 1931, to the fourteenth and final volume, The Police , advocating an elected, educated, well-financed profession. police forces. Other parts of Wickersham's report are very critical of current police practice; one of the volumes titled Law Violations in Law Enforcement .
He retired from the Berkeley Police in 1932 when his vision began to fail. He was later appointed as a professor of police administration in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, and later founded the School of Criminology. He was also among the five selected as the first director of the East Bay Regional Parks District in 1934. That same year Vollmer was awarded the General Welfare Medal of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1941, he was instrumental in establishing what would become the American Society of Criminology, the world's foremost professional criminological association.
Vollmer suffers from Parkinson's disease in old age, and also cancer. She refused to sleep in bed, and chose to end her own life at the age of 79 in 1955.
Drug ban
Vollmer opposes police involvement with drug addiction problems. Vollmer writes that moralistic law enforcement leads to police corruption and "raises disrespect both for law and for law enforcement agencies." Vollmer supports the establishment of federal distribution, at a cost, the habit of forming drugs.
Tributes
- Bald Peak in Berkeley Hills was renamed Vollmer Peak.
- In 2004 the Alameda County Sheriff's office set up a 32-foot special patrol vessel August Vollmer .
- In 1959, the American Society of Criminology established the August Vollmer Award to acknowledge a person who received a scholarship or professional activity has made a remarkable contribution to justice or the treatment or prevention of criminal or naughty behavior.
Note
References
- Oliver, Willard M (2017). August Vollmer: The father of the American Police. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN: 9781611635591
- Carte, Gene E. and Elaine H. (1975). Police Reform in the United States: The August Vollmer Era . University of California Press.
- Parker, Alfred E. (1972). The Berkeley Police Story (Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas, 1972)
- International Association. Chief of Police - President of the Past
- Berkeley Gazette , 11 April 1905
- The Eugenic Nation: Damage and the Border of Better Breeding in Modern America , Alexandra Minna Stern, University of California Press, 2005
External links
- Guide to August Vollmer Papers at The Bancroft Library
- History, Berkeley Police Department
- Vollmer and Polygraph
- Officer 444 in Internet Movie Database
- Officer 444 on the Internet Archive
- Photo: August Vollmer, Fire Rescue Volunteer (picture on the right with a partner's hand on his shoulder)
- Official Portrait
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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