Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Leon Rubenstein <25 March 1911 - January 3, 1967) was the owner of the Dallas, Texas nightclub, who fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, while Oswald was in police custody after being accused of killing US President John F. Kennedy and Dallas police assassination JD Tippit two days earlier. The Dallas jury found him guilty of killing Oswald, and he was sentenced to death. Ruby's belief was then filed, and he was given a new trial. However, on January 3, 1967, when the date of his new trial was set, Ruby fell ill in his prison cell and died of pulmonary embolism from lung cancer.
In September 1964 Warren Commission concluded that Ruby acted alone in killing Oswald. Various groups believe Ruby is involved with the big figures in organized crime and that he killed Oswald as part of the overall plot around the Kennedy assassination.
Video Jack Ruby
Early childhood and early life
Jack Ruby was born Jacob Leon Rubenstein on March 25, 1911, in Chicago as the son of Joseph Rubenstein and Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky), both Polish-born Orthodox Jews.
Ruby is the fifth child of her 10 surviving and growing children in Maxwell Street in Chicago. He has a troubled childhood and adolescence, characterized by juvenile delinquency and time spent in an orphanage. At the age of 11 in 1922, he was arrested for truancy. Ruby finally skipped school pretty much so she spent time at the Institute for Juvenile Research. Still a young man, he sold horse racing tips and novelties, then acted as a business agent for a local garbage collector who later became part of the International Brotherhood of the Timsters (IBT).
From his childhood, Ruby was nicknamed "Sparky" by those who knew him. His brother, Eva Grant, said he earned his nickname because he resembled a slow-moving horse named "Spark Plug" or "Sparky" on the contemporary strip of comic strip Barney Google. ("Spark Plug" debuted as a stripe character in 1922, when Ruby was 11.) Another account says that the name is directly linked to its rapid temperament. In a good show, Grant states that Ruby does not like Sparky's nickname and is quick to fight anyone who calls him that.
In the 1940s, Ruby often visited race tracks in Illinois and California. He was recruited in 1943 and served in the US Air Force Air Force during World War II, working as an aircraft mechanic at the US base until 1946. He has an honorable record and was promoted to Private Primary Class. After returning home, on February 21, 1946, Ruby returned to Chicago.
In 1947 Ruby moved to Dallas where he and his brothers soon subsequently shortened their surname from Rubenstein to Ruby. The reason stated for this is that the name "Rubenstein" is too long and that he is "famous" as Jack Ruby . Ruby then went on to manage night clubs, strip clubs and dance halls. He developed close relationships with many Dallas Police officers who frequented his nightclub, where he gave them free liquor, prostitutes and other help.
Ruby never married, she also has no children.
Maps Jack Ruby
Illegal activity in Dallas
There is evidence to suggest that Jack Ruby has been involved in the underworld activities of illegal gambling, narcotics and prostitution.
A 1956 FBI report stated that their informer Eileen Curry reported that in January of that year, she moved to Dallas with her boyfriend, James Breen, after jumping on bonds on drug charges. Breen informs him that he has made connections with a large drug that operates between Texas, Mexico and the East and that "in some ways, James gets nothing to operate through Jack Ruby of Dallas."
Former Dallas County Sheriff Steve Guthrie told the FBI that he believes Ruby "operates several other prostitution and crime activities at his club" since living in Dallas.
Dallas disc jockey Kenneth Dowe testified that Ruby is known around the station for "getting women to different people coming to town."
John F. Kennedy's killing
November 21
The Warren Commission attempted to reconstruct the Ruby movements from November 21, 1963 to November 24. The Commission reports that he attended his duties as owner of the Carousel Club located at 1312 1/2 Commerce St. in downtown Dallas and the Vegas Club in the city's Oak Lawn district from the afternoon of November 21 to the early hours of November 22nd.
22 November: Kennedy Assassination
According to Warren Commission, Ruby was in a second-floor office office of Dallas Morning News five blocks away from the Texas School Book Depository, placing a weekly ad for his nightclub when he found out about the murder. around 12:45 pm noon Ruby then made a phone call to his assistant at the Carousel Club and to his sister. The Commission stated that an employee of Dallas Morning News estimated the fact that Ruby left the newspaper office at 1:30, but indicated that another testimony suggested he might have left early.
According to Warren Commission, Ruby arrived back at Club Carousel shortly before 1:45 to inform the employee that the club would be closed for the night.
Ruby was seen in the Dallas Police Department hall on several occasions after the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald on November 22, 1963; newsreel footage from WFAA-TV (Dallas) and NBC showed that Ruby was disguised as a newspaper reporter during a press conference at the Dallas Police Station on the eve of Kennedy's death. District Attorney Henry Wade briefed reporters at a press conference informing them that Lee Oswald was a member of the Free Anti-Castro Cuban Commission. Ruby was one of the few people there who spoke to fix Wade, saying, "Henry, it's the Fair Play for Cuba Committee," a pro-Castro organization. Ruby told the FBI, a month after his arrest for killing Oswald, that he had a synthetic nosed Synthetic Colt Cobra gun in his right pocket during a press conference.
November 24: Oswald's murder
On November 24, Ruby went to town with one of her pet dogs and sent emergency money at Western Union on Main Street to one of her employees. The settlement time stamp for cash transactions on money orders is 11:17 A.M. Ruby then walk a block and a half to the nearby Dallas police headquarters, where she walks into the basement via the main Street street or the accessible stairs from the alley beside the Dallas City Building. At 11.21 CST - while the authorities escort Oswald through the police underground to the armored car that took him to the nearby county jail - Ruby stepped out of the press and fired a round from his hand. revolver into Oswald's abdomen, wounding him fatal. Ruby was soon subdued by agents and police. The shooting was broadcast live nationally, and millions of television viewers watched it. Oswald was taken by ambulance when unconscious to Parkland Memorial Hospital - the same hospital where doctors tried to save President Kennedy's life two days earlier. Oswald died at 1: 07.
Prosecution
After his arrest, Ruby asked Dallas lawyer Tom Howard to represent him. Howard accepts and asks Ruby if he can think of anything that could damage his defenses. Ruby replied that there would be a problem if a man with the name "Davis" should appear. Ruby told his lawyer that he "... has been involved with Davis, who is an armed robber caught in an anti-Castro effort."
Later, Ruby replaced lawyer Tom Howard with prominent defense attorney San Francisco Melvin Belli who agreed to represent Ruby pro bono. On March 14, 1964, Ruby was convicted of murder with a crime and sentenced to death.
Ruby's conviction was overturned by Texas Court of Appeals Court on the grounds that "verbal recognition of the introduction made while in police custody" should be ruled unacceptable, in violation of Texas criminal law. The court also ruled that the place should have been converted into Texas territory aside from the place where high profile crimes have been committed. Ruby died technically not guilty, because his original beliefs were canceled and his retrial was delayed at the time of his death.
For six months after the Kennedy assassination, Ruby repeatedly asked, verbally and in writing, to speak with Warren Commission members. At first the commission showed no interest. Just after Ruby's sister, Eileen, wrote a letter to the commission (and her letters became public), the Warren Commission agreed to talk with Ruby. In June 1964, Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren, then Gerald R. Ford of Michigan, and other commission members went to Dallas to see Ruby. Ruby asked Warren several times to take him to Washington D.C., saying "my life is in danger here" and that he wants the opportunity to make additional statements. He added: "I want to tell the truth, and I can not say it here." Warren told Ruby that he would not be able to comply, because many legal obstacles need to be broken and the public interest in the situation would be too much. Warren also told Ruby that the commission would have no way to protect it, since there was no police force. Ruby said he wanted to convince President Lyndon Johnson that he was not part of a conspiracy to kill Kennedy.
Finally, the appeals court agreed with Ruby's lawyer that he should be given a new trial. On 5 October 1966, the court ruled that a motion for a change of venue before the original court hearing should be granted. Ruby's conviction and death sentence were canceled. Setting is underway for a new trial to be held in February 1967 in Wichita Falls, Texas, when on December 9, 1966, Ruby was treated at Parkland Hospital in Dallas, suffering from pneumonia. A day later, doctors realized he had cancer in his liver, lungs, and brain. Three weeks later, he died.
Death
Ruby died of pulmonary embolism, secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer), on January 3, 1967, at Parkland Hospital, the same facility in which Oswald had died and where President Kennedy had been declared dead after his assassination. She is buried next to her parents at Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.
Official investigation
Warren Commission
The Warren Commission found no evidence linking Ruby's murder against Oswald with a wider conspiracy to kill Kennedy. In 1964, the Warren Commission provided a detailed biography of Ruby's life and activities to help ascertain whether he was involved in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. The Commission indicated that there was no "significant relationship between Ruby and organized crime" and said he acted independently in killing Oswald.
Warren Commission researcher David Belin said that postal inspector Harry Holmes arrived unannounced at the Dallas police station and, at the invitation of the investigators, questioned Oswald, thus delaying his transfer for half an hour. Belin concludes that, if Ruby becomes part of a conspiracy, he will be downtown 30 minutes early.
In Gerald Posner's book Closed Case: Lee Harvey Oswald and JFK's Murder, friends, relatives and associates of Ruby claimed that he was angry over President Kennedy's death, even crying on the occasion and closing his club for three days as a sign respect. They also denied the conspiracy claims, saying that Ruby's relationship with gangsters was minimal and that he was not the type to be entrusted with such actions in a high-level conspiracy.
Dallas reporter Tony Zoppi, who knows Ruby well, claims that someone "must go crazy" to entrust Ruby with something as important as a high-level plot to kill Kennedy because he "can not keep a secret for five minutes." Jack is wrong one of the most talkative people you've ever met. He will be the worst person in the world to be a part of the conspiracy, because he's just talking too much. "He and others describe Ruby as someone who enjoys being in the" center of attention ", trying to make friends with people and becoming more troublesome.
Several authors, including former Los Angeles District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi, dismissed Ruby's relationship with organized crime as the most minimal: "It is important that without exception, none of these conspiracy theories knew or ever met Jack Ruby.Without us even turning to his family and roommates, all of whom thought Ruby's suggestions about the masses were ridiculous, those who knew him, unanimously and without exception, thought he was connected to the Mafia, and then killed Oswald for them, no less ridiculous. "
Bill Alexander, who sued Ruby for Oswald's murder, totally denied that Ruby was part of an organized crime package, claiming that conspiracy theorists based it on claims that "A knew B, and Ruby knew B back in 1950, so he must have known A, and that must be something to do with conspiracy. "
Ruby's brother Earl denied allegations that Jack was involved in extortion of Chicago clubs, and author Gerald Posner suggested that witnesses may have confused Ruby with Harry Rubenstein, a convicted Chicago criminal. Entertainment reporter Tony Zoppi also underestimated the mass ties. He knows Ruby and describes it as "a born loser."
Author Norman Mailer and others question why Ruby will leave her two beloved dogs in her car if she plans to kill Oswald at police headquarters.
Other investigations and dissenting theories
Some critics do not accept the conclusions of the Warren Commission and have proposed several other theories.
Ruby motif
Ruby was arrested immediately after shooting Oswald, and he told several witnesses that he had been desperate for President Kennedy's death and had helped Dallas to "redeem himself in the public eye, and that his motive for killing Oswald was" Mrs. Kennedy's savings, to court. "He also claims that he shot Oswald abruptly when the opportunity arose, without considering the reason for doing so. Ruby told the FBI that she was "grieving" Friday and Saturday. He said he cried when he heard the President was shot, "cried a lot" Saturday afternoon and depressed Saturday night. He explains that this sadness is caused by his great love for the President and his sympathy for the Kennedy family, Suffering for the murder, Ruby declares, finally "reaching the point of madness", suddenly forcing him to shoot when Oswald walks down the police lane that Sunday morning. At the time of filming, Ruby said she was taking phenmetrazine, a central nervous system stimulant. Ruby cried at the bond hearing in January 1964, when she spoke with reporters about President Kennedy's assassination. Her voice broke, Ruby said that she could not understand "how such a great person can be lost." According to an unnamed Associated Press source, Ruby made the final statement from her bed in hospital on December 19, 1966 that she herself was responsible for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald. "Nothing is hidden... No one else," Ruby said.
The White House Office Correspondent Seth - who was a passenger in President Kennedy's motorcade - testified that after President Kennedy was shot, he visited Parkland Hospital while doctors tried to save the President's life. The office said that when he entered the hospital, at about 1:30 pm, he felt a tug on his coat. He turned to see Jack Ruby calling him by his first name and shaking his hand; she said that she had met Ruby when she was a reporter for the Dallas Times Herald. According to the Office, Ruby asks if he thinks it would be a good idea for him to close his nightclub for the next three nights because of the tragedy and the Office responds by thinking that it would be a good idea.
Warren's Commission dismissed the Office's testimony, saying that the meeting at Parkland Hospital will occur within minutes before and after 1:30 pm, as evidenced by the company's telephone records of the calls made by the two men. The Commission also showed contradictory witness testimony and lack of video confirmation of Ruby at the scene. The Commission concluded that "The office may not see Ruby at Parkland Hospital" and "may have been mistaken about the time and place he saw Ruby."
In 1979, House Select Committee on Assassinations re-examined the Office's testimony and stated, "While Warren Commission concludes that the Office is wrong (about meeting Parkland with Ruby), the Committee decides that he may not."
The office also reported that Ruby might have damaged the evidence while in Parkland. Hunted by the Warren Commission's rejection of his testimony, the Office examined Ruby's case for years. In a book published later Who Was Jack Ruby? , Office writes:
The mob is Ruby's "friend". And Ruby could have paid off the IOU on the day she used to kill Lee Harvey Oswald. Remember: "I have been used for a purpose," the way Ruby declared it to Justice Warren at the June 7, 1964 session. It is not difficult for the masses to maneuver Ruby through the ranks of some negotiable policemen [to kill Oswald].
The House Select Committee on Homicide in the 1979 Final Report argues:
... Ruby's shooting of Oswald is not a spontaneous act, as it involves at least some introductions. Similarly, the committee believes that it is less likely that Ruby enters the police dungeon unaided, although such assistance may have been provided without the knowledge of Ruby's intentions... The committee was troubled by seemingly unlocked doors along the staircase route and the removal of security guards from the garage area nearest the ladder just before the shooting... There is also evidence that the Dallas Police Department withheld relevant information from the Warren Commission about Ruby's entry to Oswald's transfer.
According to Lieutenant Billy Grammer, a DPD officer, at 3 am on November 24, he received an anonymous phone call from a man who knew the name Grammer. The caller told the Grammer that he knew about the plan to move Oswald from the basement and that unless the plan for Oswald's transfer was changed, the caller warned "we will kill him". After Oswald was shot, Grammer, who knew Ruby, and found a familiar voice during the call, identified Ruby as a caller. Grammer remains convinced that Ruby's Oswald shootings are "planned events".
Detective Archer testified to Warren Commission that when he searched for Jack Ruby after his arrest, he worried about Oswald's condition and he said to Ruby, "Jack, I think you killed him." Archer says that Ruby looked straight into his eyes and said, "Well, I meant to shoot him three times." Seth's Office believes that Ruby's response to Archer does not show a spontaneous reaction, and the word "intent" means having an earlier intention.
Ruby's explanation for killing Oswald would be "exposed... as a fabricated legal tactic", according to the House Select Committee on Murder. In a private note to one of his lawyers, Joseph Tonahill, Ruby wrote: "Joe, you must know this.Our first lawyer Tom Howard told me to say I shot Oswald so Caroline and Mrs. Kennedy did not have to come to Dallas to testify Okay? "
G. Robert Blakey, the main adviser for the Select House Committee on Murders from 1977 to 1979, said: "The most plausible explanation for Oswald's murder by Jack Ruby is that Ruby has been following him in the name of organized crime, trying to reach him at least three times in four eight hours before he silenced her forever. "
In his testimony before the Warren Commission, Russell Lee Moore Knight said that Ruby had no bitterness towards Oswald and called him "a handsome man" similar to Paul Newman.
Additionally, in his book, David Contract, David Scheim, provides evidence that although some claim they see Ruby upset over weekend murders, others say he does not. On Friday night, TV reporter Vic Robertson Jr. saw Ruby at Police Headquarters and reported that Ruby "looks like anything but under pressure or pressure." She looks happy, jovial, joking and laughing. Announcer Glen Duncan also testified that Ruby was "not mourning" and if anything, "glad that there is evidence accumulating against Oswald".
Scheim also presented evidence that he claimed was Ruby made some "honest confessions" while giving testimony to the Warren Commission. While talking, Ruby cried when talking about a Saturday morning speech to President Kennedy, but after making up herself, mysteriously said, "I must be a great actor, I say that." Ruby also said "they did not ask me another question:" If I really love the President, why am I not at the parade? "" (Referring to the President's motorcade). Ruby added, "it's strange that maybe I did not vote for President Kennedy, or did not choose at all, that I should build a great affection for him".
Jada, a Ruby stripper club, during an interview with ABC's Good, said of Ruby, "I'm sure he does not like Bobby Kennedy".
Schiem also notes some people who know Ruby, who claims that the patriotic statement illustrated by Ruby is quite out of character. Harry Hall, Ruby's partner in gambling operations, told the FBI that "Ruby is the type of person interested in any way to make money" and also said that he "can not imagine Ruby doing anything from patriotism." Jack Kelly, who has known Ruby since 1943, "scoffs at the idea of ​​patriotic motives involved in Ruby's murder of Oswald", and reportedly stated that he "could not see Ruby" kill Oswald "because of patriotism" but "for publicity or... to money."
Ruby's friend Paul Roland Jones was paraphrased by the FBI interviewer as an affirmation that:
from his acquaintance with Ruby he doubts that he will become emotionally angry and kill Oswald unexpectedly. She feels Ruby will do it for money.
After Ruby's March 1964 conviction for murder with hatred, Ruby's lawyer, led by Sam Houston Clinton, appealed to the Texas Criminal Court of Appeals, the highest criminal tribunal in Texas. Ruby's lawyer argued that he could not accept a fair trial in Dallas because of the excessive publicity surrounding the case. A year after his conviction, in March 1965, Ruby held a short press conference on television where he stated: "Everything that has to do with what happened never surfaces.The world will never know the true facts about what happened, My motives: People who have so much to gain, and have ulterior motives to put me in my position, will never let the real facts come to the world. "When asked by a reporter," Do these people in a very high position, Jack? ", He replied" Yes. "
Seth Office journalist speculated in 1978 that the man with the name "Davis" mentioned Ruby is probably Thomas Eli Davis III, a mercenary connected to the CIA.
Dallas Deputy Sheriff Al Maddox stated: "Ruby told me, she said, 'Well, they injected me for the flu.' She said it was cancer cell, that's what she told me, Ruby, I said you do not believe that nonsense She said, 'I sure do!' [Then] one day when I started to leave, Ruby shook hands with me and I could feel a piece of paper in the palm of his hand... [In this note] he said it was a conspiracy and he said... if you would open your eyes and shut your mouth , you will learn a lot, and that is the last letter I got from him. "In the note, Ruby claims he is part of the conspiracy, and that his role is to silence Oswald. Not long before Ruby died, according to an article in the London Sunday Times, he told psychiatrist Werner Teuter that the murder was "the act of overthrowing the government" and that he knew "who killed President Kennedy." He added: "I'm doomed, I do not want to die, but I'm not crazy, I was tricked into killing Oswald."
In his book, David Scheim presents evidence that Mafia leaders Carlos Marcello and Santo Trafficante, Jr., and organized labor leader, Jimmy Hoffa, ordered the assassination of President Kennedy. Scheim cites in particular a 25-fold increase in the number of state-of-the-art Jack Ruby calls to his fellow crime boss in the months before the assassination. According to author Vincent Bugliosi, the Warren Commission and House Select Committee on Homicide set all these calls related to Ruby who sought help from the American Artists Guild on issues concerning two of its competitors. House Select Committee on Assassinations reports states "... that most of Ruby's phone calls during late 1963 are related to his employment matters.In the light of the identity of some individuals with whom Ruby speaks, however, other possibilities of things being discussed can not be dismissed. "
Bill Bonanno, the son of New York Mafia boss Joseph Bonanno, stated that he realized that some Mafia families were involved in JFK's murder when Ruby killed Oswald, because Bonanno was aware that Ruby was a mafia comrade Chicago Sam Giancana.
Association with organized crime and allegations of detention
In 1979, fifteen years after Warren's report, House Select Committee on Assassinations conducted a similar investigation of Ruby and said that he "has a large number of associations and direct and indirect contacts with the underworld" and "Dallas criminal elements" but that he not "members" of organized crime.
Ruby is known to both the police and the Mafia. HSCA says that Ruby has known the Chicago Mafia Sam Giancana (1908-1975) and Joseph Campisi (1918-1990) since 1947, and has met them on numerous occasions. After Joe Campisi's investigation, HSCA found:
While the technical characterization of Campaigns in federal law enforcement records as members of organized crime has ranged from uncertain to negative, it is clear that he is a fellow or friend of many organized crime members based in Dallas, notably Joseph Civello, as long as he is head of the Dallas organization. There is no indication that Campisi is involved in certain organized crime-related activities.
Similarly, a PBS Investigation Frontline connection to a connection between Ruby and Dallas that organized the crime rate reported the following:
In 1963, Sam and Joe Campisi were the leading figures in the world under Dallas. Jack knows Campisis and has met them on many occasions. Campisis is a lieutenant from Carlos Marcello, the Mafia boss who is said to be talking about killing the President.
The day before Kennedy was killed, Ruby went to Joe Campisi's restaurant. At the time of Kennedy's murder, Ruby was close enough to Campisis to have them come to see him after he was arrested for shooting Lee Oswald. Joe Campisi and his wife visited Jack Ruby in prison for ten minutes on November 30, 1963.
Howard P. Willens - the third highest official in the Department of Justice and assistant advisor to J. Lee Rankin - helped organize the Warren Commission. Willens also underscored the priorities of the Commission's investigations and halted an investigation into Cuba-related activities. An FBI report states that Willens's father is Tony Accardo's next neighbor who will return to 1958. In 1946, Tony Accardo allegedly asked Jack Ruby to go to Texas with his Mafia counterparts, Pat Manno and Romie Nappi to ensure that the Dallas County Sheriff , Steve Gutherie, would approve the Mafia expansion into Dallas.
Four years before the assassination of President Kennedy, Ruby went to see a man named Lewis McWillie in Cuba. Ruby is considered McWillie, who previously runs illegal gambling in Texas, to be one of his closest friends. By the time Ruby visited her, in August 1959, McWillie was overseeing gambling activities at Havana's Tropicana Club. Ruby told the Warren Commission that his trip to Cuba in August was just a social visit at McWillie's invitation. The House Select Committee on Murders will later conclude that Ruby "... is likely to serve as a courier for gambling purposes." The committee also found evidence of "indirect," but not conclusive, "... Ruby met the [Trafficante Mafia boss] in Cuba sometime in 1959."
James E. Beaird, who claims to be a poker friend of Jack Ruby, told both The Dallas Morning News and the FBI that Ruby smuggled weapons and ammunition from Galveston Bay, Texas to Fidel Castro's guerrillas in Cuba at the end 1950s. Beaird says that Ruby "is in it for money, it does not matter which side, only the most pays it." Beaird said the weapons were housed in a two-story house near the beach, and that he saw Ruby and his colleagues carry "many new weapons boxes, including automatic rifles and pistols" on a military ship over 50 feet. He claims that "every time the ship goes with guns and ammunition, Jack Ruby is on board."
Blaney Mack Johnson, an FBI informant, said Ruby "was active in arranging illegal flight weapons from Miami" to pro-Castro forces in Cuba in the early 1950s.
In popular culture
Ruby's shooting of Oswald, and his behavior both before and after Kennedy's killing, has been the subject of many films, TV programs, books, and songs. Ruby's articles of clothing when he killed Oswald - including suits, hats and shoes - were on display at the Historic Auto Attractions museum in Roscoe, Illinois.
Movies
- Tom Skerritt's Fighting Back has a snapshot of his shooting of Oswald on his special opening news on violence.
- In Oliver Stone 1991 JFK , Ruby is played by actor Brian Doyle-Murray. The stone perspective on events is very interesting from conspiracy theorists such as Jim Marrs and L. Fletcher Prouty. At least three further scenes detailing Ruby have been removed from the movie and are only available on DVD. One scene expanded on Oswald's shooting by showing the corrupt Dallas police corruptor that allowed Ruby to enter the police headquarters through a restricted entrance.
- The 1992 film Ruby is speculating about the complex motivations that might drive Ruby to shoot Oswald. Among these are Ruby's reputation among family and friends as an agile and emotional seeker of publicity, and the influence of its long organized crime and Dallas police connections. Ruby is played by Danny Aiello.
Literature
- Ruby is one of the main characters of the James Ellroy novel, The Cold Six Thousand . This plot revolves around after the assassination of President Kennedy, and the assassination of Senators Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. It speculates about government agencies such as the CIA and the FBI, as well as figures such as J. Edgar Hoover, and their links to Mafia and anti-Castro groups allegedly involved in the killings. In his novel of 1989 Libra, Don DeLillo described Ruby as part of a larger conspiracy surrounding the assassination of the President, imagining that mafia members persuaded Ruby to kill Oswald.
Music
- In his autobiography, Robbie Robertson recounts a strange week when Hawks, singer supporter Ronnie Hawkins, performs at Skyline Lounge, a burning club in Fort Worth, Texas. The owners, whom they know as Jack, visit them at midnight and seem to be constantly consuming "tops". A few months later, after the assassination of President Kennedy, "that consciousness subsided for all of us, Hawks: Jack, owner of the Skyline Lounge that seems to be tweaked on pep pills is none other than Jack Ruby."
Television
- Ruby and Oswald (1978), films made for television, generally follow official notes as presented by Warren Commission. Ruby is played by Michael Lerner.
- Ruby is also a character in an episode of the Starz TV series Magic City. He was portrayed by Holland Hayes in the third episode of the second season, "Adapt or Die". Ruby sits next to the main character, Ike Evans, on his way back from Cuba.
- Ruby is depicted by Casey Siemaszko in the 2013 television drama Killing Kennedy .
- In the Hulu series 11.22.63 , Jack Ruby is featured as a nightclub owner in 1960 Dallas played by Antoni Corone.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the National Archive and Records Administration document "Warren Commission Report, Appendix 16: A Biography of Jack Ruby".
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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