Chicago metropolitan area , or Chicagoland , is a metropolitan area that covers the city of Chicago, Illinois, and the suburbs. With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and a CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.
The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the largest and most diversified economies in the world, with more than four million employees and generating annual gross regional product (GRP) of more than $ 561 billion. This area is home to over 400 major headquarters, including 31 at Fortune 500.
There are several definitions of areas, including areas defined by the Office of Management and Budget of the United States (OMB) as the Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and areas under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Metropolitan Agency for Planning ( CMAP) (metropolitan planning organization).
Video Chicago metropolitan area
Definition
Metropolitan statistical area
The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MS-13) was originally established by the United States Census Bureau in 1950. It consists of County Illinois Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana. Since the surrounding districts are seeing an increase in population density and the number of residents employed in Cook County, they meet the Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Chicago MSA, now defined as Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area , is the third largest MSA by population in the United States. The 2015 census estimate for MSA is 9,532,569, a decline from 9,543,893 in the 2014 census estimate. The loss of this population has been attributed to taxes, political issues, and other factors.
The Chicago MSA is further subdivided by country boundaries to Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division, corresponding roughly to the CMAP region; Gary, IN Metropolitan Division consisting of Indiana County of Lake and Porter, as well as two surrounding districts; and Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division .
A detailed 2009 population estimate of three MSA Metropolitan Divisions is as follows:
Combined Region Statistics
OMB also defines slightly larger areas as the Combined Statistical Area (CSA). The Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Combined Regional Statistics combines the Chicago metropolitan areas, Michigan City (in Indiana), and Kankakee (in Illinois). This area represents the extent of labor market pools for the whole region. CSA has a population of 9,928,312 (estimated 2014).
United Nations Chicago urban agglomeration
Chicago urban agglomeration, according to a United Nations report on World Urbanization Prospects (revised 2011), lists a population of 9,545,000. The term "urban agglomeration" refers to the population contained in contours of adjacent areas occupied at the urban density level. Usually combine population in the city plus in the surrounding area.
Chicagoland
Chicagoland is an unofficial name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The term Chicagoland has no official definition, and this area is often considered to include areas outside of the corresponding MSA, as well as parts of larger CSAs.
Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, typically gets credit for placing the term in general use. McCormick's conception of Chicagoland extends to the nearest parts of the four states (Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Iowa). The first use was on the front page title of the 'Tribune' on July 27, 1926, "Shamines Chicagoland: A Tour of Discoveries", for an article by James O'Donnell reporter Bennett. He stated that Chicagoland consists of everything within a radius of 200 miles (320 km) in each direction and is reported in various places in the area. The Tribune is the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching west of the city, and that the inland is closely linked to the metropolis by rail and commercial links.
Today, the Chicago Tribune's usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby counties of Illinois (Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee), and two counties in Indiana from Lake and Porter. The Illinois Department of Tourism literature uses Chicagoland for suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane, and Will districts, treating the city separately. The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will County.
A different point of view exists, of course. For example, many residents who live in some remote satellite districts still refer to themselves as "from Chicago" or "Chicagoans". To date, DeKalb County is not considered a part of the proper territory, but as highly developed areas continue to flourish, it is now generally defined as "suburban" cities.
In addition, corporate marketing programs such as the Chicago and Vicinity Area and Chicago Automobile Trade Association (Chicagoland and Northwest Indiana) advertising campaigns are directed to the MSA itself, as well as LaSalle, Winnebago (Rockford) Boone and Ogle County in Illinois, in addition to Jasper, Newton, and La Porte County in Indiana and Kenosha, Racine, and Walworth County in Wisconsin, and even as far northeast as Berrien County, Michigan. This region is part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, which contains about 54 million people.
Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning
The Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) is an Illinois state agency responsible for transport infrastructure, land use, and long-term economic development planning for areas under its jurisdiction in Illinois. The planning area has a population of over 8 million, which includes the following locations in Illinois:
Maps Chicago metropolitan area
Geography and environment
The city of Chicago is located on the Chicago Plain, a flat and wide area characterized by a little topographical help. Some low hills are sand dunes. To the north of Chicago Plain, steep cliffs and ravines run along Lake Michigan.
Along the southern coast of the Chicago Plain, sand dunes run along the lake. The highest hill reaches nearly 200 feet (61 m) and is found at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. The surrounding lowlands are morain bands on the southern and western rim. These areas are taller and more hilly than the Chicago Plains. The continental split, separating the Mississippi River from the Great River and the Saint Lawrence River, flows through the Chicago area.
A 2012 survey of trees and forests in the seven areas of Illinois in the Chicago area found that 21% of the land was covered by tree and canopy shrubs, consisting of about 157,142,000 trees. The five most common tree species are buckthorn, green ash, boxelder, black cherry, and American elm. These resources perform important functions in carbon storage, water recycling, and energy savings.
Demographics
In the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 9,729,825. Population density was 1,318 per square mile. Racial makeup is 52.8% Non-Latino White, 22.1% are Latino, 16.7% are Non-Latino African Americans, and 6.4% are Asian. Other ethnic groups such as Native Americans and the Pacific Islands account for only 2.0% of the population. The suburbs, surrounded by an easily annexed flatland, have grown at a remarkable rate since the early 1960s. Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Naperville are noteworthy for being four of the few boomburb outside the Sun Belt, West Coast, and Mountain States, and Kendall County as the fastest growing areas (between counties with over 10,000 populations) in the United States between 2000 and 2007.
The pattern of settlements in the Chicago metropolitan area tends to follow them in the right city: the northern suburbs along the shores of Lake Michigan are relatively affluent, while the southern suburbs (sometimes known as Chicago Southland) are less so, with lower median incomes and more cost of living low. However, there are great exceptions to this. While Chicago's West Side is the poorest part of the city, the western and northwestern suburbs contain many affluent areas. According to the 2000 Census, DuPage County has the highest average household income of any area in the United States Midwestern.
According to the 2000 US Census, the poverty rate in the largest region of the lowest poverty to the greatest extent is as follows: McHenry 3.70%, Dupage 5.9%, Will 6.7%, Lake 6.9%, Kane 7.4% , Cook 14.5%.
In an in-depth historical analysis, Keating (2004, 2005) examined the origins of 233 settlements that in 1900 had become a suburban or urban environment in the Chicago metropolitan area. Settlements began as agricultural centers (41%), industrial cities (30%), railroad suburbs (15%), and recreation/institutional centers (13%). Although relationships between different types of settlements sometimes generate debate, there is also cooperation in efforts such as high school construction.
Population
As the Chicago metropolitan area has grown, more areas have been partially or completely assimilated by the taking of every ten-century census.
Countries highlighted in gray are not included in the MSA for the census. The total CSA in blue is the total of all the countries listed above, regardless of whether they are included in the Chicago Joint Statistical Area at that time.
Municipal municipality
Over 1,000,000 population
- Chicago, Illinois (2,695,598 in city limits)
More than 200,000 populations
- Aurora, Illinois (200.661 within city limits)
More than 100,000 populations
Over 50,000 populations
Urban area within Chicago CSA
In the 16-county boundary the Chicago Consolidated Statistical Area is located in the urban areas of Chicago, as well as 27 urban areas and smaller clusters. The smallest cliff distance indicates the shortest distance between urban areas or defined clusters and urban areas of Chicago.
The previously different urban areas of Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Waukegan were absorbed into the Chicago UA at the 2000 census.
These urban and urban areas are expected to join the Chicago Urban Area with the next census in 2010.
^ The Round Lake Beach-McHenry-Grayslake, IL-WI UA ​​meluas ke Walworth County, WI, yang terletak di Milwaukee CSA.
^^ The City of Michigan-LaPorte, IN-MI UA extends to Berrien County, MI, located (for now) outside the Chicago CSA.
^^^ Sandwich, IL UC extends to LaSalle County, IL, located (for now) outside of Chicago CSA.
^^^^ The city of Genoa, WI-IL UC extends to Walworth County, WI, located in the Milwaukee CSA.
Economy
The Chicago metropolitan area is home to the corporate headquarters of 57 Fortune 1000 companies, which include Boeing, McDonald's, Motorola, Discover Financial Services, United Continental Holdings, Walgreens, and Aon, among others, representing diverse industry groups. This area is a major global financial center, and Chicago is home to the world's largest futures exchange, the CME Group (Chicago Mercantile Exchange). In March 2008, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange announced the acquisition of NYMEX Holdings Inc., the parent company of the New York Mercantile Exchange and Commodity Exchange. The acquisition of CME on NYMEX was completed in August 2008.
A key infrastructure for generations is the Union Stock Yards of Chicago, which from 1865 to 1971 was written and slaughtered millions of cattle and pigs into standard beef and pork chunks. This prompted poet Carl Sandburg to describe Chicago as "The Butcher Hog for the World".
The Chicago area, meanwhile, began to produce large quantities of telecommunications equipment, electronics, steel, crude oil derivatives, automobiles, and industrial capital goods.
In the early 2000s, Illinois's economy has moved towards dependence on high value-added services, such as trade finance, higher education, logistics, and health care. In some cases, these services clustered around agencies that listened back to the previous economy in Illinois. For example, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the trade exchange for global derivatives, has started its life as an agricultural futures market.
In 2007, the region ranked first among the US metro areas in the number of new and expanded corporate facilities. It ranks third in 2008, behind the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown and Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan areas, and ranks second behind the New York metropolitan area in 2009.
The Wall Street Journal summarized Chicago's regional economy in November 2006 with the comment that "Chicago has survived by repeatedly reinventing itself."
Transportation
Main airport
- Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)
- Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)
- General Mitchell International Airport (MKE) (located in the adjacent metropolitan area of ​​Milwaukee)
- Gary/Chicago (GYY) International Airport
- Rockford International Airport (RFD) (located in the adjacent Rockford metropolitan area)
Commercial port
- Port of Chicago
- Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor
Rail and transit system
- The Chicago Transit Train, locally referred to as "the 'L'", (after "the flyover") that serves Chicago and the nearby suburbs
- Pace Suburban Bus operates suburban buses and regional vanpool, paratransit, and seclusion services in the Chicagoland region.
- Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation, also known as Metra:
- 4 lines serving Southern Cook County and Will County
- 3 lines serving Western Cook County, DuPage County, and Kane County
- 1 line serves northwest of Cook County and McHenry County
- 3 lines serving northern Cook County and Lake County, with 1 line extending to Kenosha, Wisconsin
- The South Shore Line shares Metra's electric lines and connects Chicago to Gary, Michigan City, ending in South Bend, Indiana.
- Amtrak operates the Union Station which is Amtrak's main passenger rail center with connections to Metra and in multiple connection blocks to multiple "el" paths.
Main highway
Interstate
- InterstateÃ, 41 (I-41) runs simultaneously with Interstate 94 in the north terminal of Tri-State Tollway.
- InterstateÃ, 55 (I-55) is Adlai Stevenson Expy.
- I-355 is the Veterans Memorial Tollway (formerly North-South Tollway).
- I-57 is unofficially a "Western Feet" from Dan Ryan Expy.
- I-65 has no name, either official or unofficial. I-80 is officially called Borman Expy (named I-94), Kingery Expy (named I-80 for 3 miles), Tri-State Tollway (named I-294 for 4 miles) and unofficially called Moline Expy west of I-294.
- I-88 is the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (formerly East-West Tollway)
- I-90 locally known as Jane Addams Tollway (formerly Northwest Tollway), John F Kennedy Expy (named I-94), Dan Ryan Expy (named I-94), and Chicago Skyway Toll Bridge. Skyway Chicago is debated since about 2000 if actually I-90. Currently signed as "Ke I-90" in both directions.
- I-190 is the John F Kennedy Expy spur toward the Chicago-O'Hare Int'l Airport.
- I-290 is Dwight D Eisenhower Expy. I-94 is the Tri-State Tollway in Lake County, Edens Spur, Edens Expy, John F Kennedy Expy (named I-90), Dan Ryan Expy (named I-90), Bishop Ford Frwy (formerly named Calumet) Expy), Kingery Expy (named I-80) and Borman Expy (written with I-80).
- I-294 is Tri-State Tollway.
Other major highways
- US routes in the Illinois area include: US 6, US 12, US 14, US 20, US 30, US 34, US 41, US 45, and US 52.
- Illinois Route 53, the north-south arterial highway that crosses Grundy, Will, DuPage, Cook, and Lake areas
- The historic US Route 66 east route is in Chicago.
Main corridor
In addition to the Chicago Loop, the metro area is home to several important subregional corridors of commercial activity. Among others are:
- Illinois Technology and Corridor Research, along the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (Interstate 88)
- Golden Corridor, along Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (Interstate 90)
Culture
Sports
List of professional sports teams in the Chicago metropolitan area
Tim profesional liga utama:
- Major League Baseball (MLB)
- Chicago Cubs
- Chicago White Sox
- National Football League (NFL)
- Chicago Bears
- National Basketball Association (NBA)
- Chicago Bulls
- National Hockey League (NHL)
- Chicago Blackhawks
- Major League Soccer (MLS)
- Chicago Fire
Other professional teams:
- Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
- Chicago Sky
- Minor League Baseball (MiLB)
- Kane County Cougars
- American Hockey League (AHL)
- Chicago Wolves
- The National Women's Football League (NWSL)
- Chicago Red Stars
- The Football Arena (AFL)
- Chicago Rush (Operation suspended in 2013, no longer part of AFL)
- National Pro Fastpitch (NPF)
- Chicago Bandit
The oval path of Chicagoland Speedway has hosted the NASCAR Cup Series and IndyCar Series races. The Chicago Marathon is one of the World Marathon Major. The Western Open and BMW Championship are PGA Tour tournaments held primarily at golf courses near Chicago.
NCAA College Sport Team Division 1:
- The Great Eastern Conference
- DePaul Universitas Blue Demons
- The Big Ten Conference
- Northwestern University Wildcats (Evanston)
- Horizon League
- University of Illinois-Chicago Flames
- Crusader of Valaparaiso University (Valaparaiso, IN)
- Mid-America Conference
- Northern Illinois University Huskies (DeKalb)
- Missouri Valley Conference
- Loyola University-Chicago Ramblers
- Western Athletic Conference
- Chicago State University Cougars
Cuisine
- Chicago style crazy dog ​​
- Pizza ala Chicago
- Italian beef
Media
The two main newspapers are the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times. Local television channels broadcasting to the Chicago market include WBBM-TV 2 (CBS), WMAQ-TV 5 (NBC), WLS-TV 7 (ABC), WGN-TV 9 (CW), WTTW 11 (PBS), MeTV 23, WCIU 26 (Ind), WFLD 32 (FOX), WCPX-TV 38 (Ion), WSNS-TV 44 (Telemundo) WPWR-TV 50 (MyNetworkTV), and WJYS-TV 62 (The Way). CLTV is a local 24/7 news provider that is only available to cable customers. Radio stations serving the region include: WBEZ, WMBI, WLS-AM, and WSCR.
Education
Primary and secondary education within the Chicago metropolitan area is provided by dozens of different school districts, which are by far the largest Chicago Public Schools with 400,000 students. Many private and religious school systems are also found in the region, as well as an increasing number of charter schools. Racial inequalities in education in the region remain widespread, often breaking district boundaries; for example, educational prospects vary widely for students at Chicago Public Schools compared to schools in the neighboring suburbs.
Historically, the Chicago metropolitan area has been at the center of a number of national education movements, ranging from the free-flowing Winnetka Plan to Taylorism composed of Gary's Plan. In higher education, Chicago University founder William Rainey Harper is an early advocate of the junior college movement; Joliet Junior College is the oldest junior college that operates continuously today. The future President of the C C Robert Maynard Hutchins is the center of the Great Book movement, and the dialogical education program that arose from the heritage can be found today at U of C, at Shimer College, and in the City of Chicago and Oakton Community College in the northwest suburbs.
Area code
From 1947 to 1988, the Illinois section of the Chicago metro area was serviced by a single area code, 312, which limited the area code of 815. In 1988 area code 708 was introduced and 312 area codes became exclusive to the city of Chicago.
It has become commonplace to call those suburban "708'ers", referring to their area code.
The area code 708 was partitioned in 1996 into three area codes, serving different sections of the metro area: 630, 708, and 847.
At the same time when the 708 area code ran out of phone numbers, the 312 area code in Chicago also depleted the inventory of available quantities. As a result, the city of Chicago is divided into two area codes, 312 and 773. Instead of dividing the city by the north/south area code, the central business district maintains the area code 312, while the rest of the city takes the new 773 code.
In 2002, the area code of 847 came with 224 overlay area code. In February 2007, the area code 815 (serving the outside of the metro area) was equipped with an overlaid 779 area code. In October 2007, 331 overlay area codes were implemented to complete the 630 with additional numbers.
There are plans for overlay codes in regions 708, 773, and 312 because the area code becomes exhausted in the future.
- 312 Chicago - City (The Loop and the central neighborhood, eg Near North Side)
- 773 Chicago - City (Elsewhere within the city limits, excluding central areas)
- 872 Chicago - City (overlays for 312 & amp; 773, effective November 7, 2009)
- 847/224 (North and North West)
- 630/331 (Outside Western Outer Region)
- 708 (South and South West Suburbs)
- 815/779 (Rockford & Joliet: Far Northwest/Southwest Suburbs)
- 219 (Northwest Indiana)
- 574 (northern Indiana)
- 262 (Southeastern Wisconsin around Milwaukee County)
Proposed overlays
- 464 overlay for 708 (no effective date)
See also
References
Further reading
- Fischer, Paul B. (Lake Forest College) "RACIAL PATTERNS AND LOCATIONS FROM HOME CHILDREN IN CHICAGO SUBURBS: A REPORT TO MACARTHUR FOUNDATION." (Archive) - July 28, 1993 - Report to the MacArthur Foundation
- Lewinnek, Elaine. Main Worker Recognition: New Suburbs in Chicago and American Transport Roots. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014.
External links
- Outline of the US Census Urbanization Map (2000)
- Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI Combined Area Statistics (2003) maps
- US. State Census Bureau & amp; County QuickFacts
- US. Estimated population of the Census Bureau
- Cook County Jail
- Metropolitan and Metropolitan Statistical Areas
- About Metropolitan and Metropolitan Statistical Areas
- Definition of Historic Metropolitan Area
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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