A bill is a proposed law based on a legislative consideration. The bill is not a law until passed by the legislature and, in many cases, approved by the executive. Once the bill has been legalized, it is called a legislative act , or the law .
Video Bill (law)
Usage
The term bill is mainly used in Anglophone countries. In the United Kingdom, portions of the bill are known as clauses , until it has become a parliamentary act, from which parts of the law are known as sections .
In French countries, the proposed law may be known as projet de loi or proposition de loi .
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The preparation of the bill may involve the production of bill drafts prior to the introduction of the bill to the legislature. In the UK, design bills are often considered confidential. Pre-legislative examination is a formal process undertaken by the parliamentary committee on draft laws. This is necessary in many Scandinavians, occurring in Ireland at the discretion of Oireachtas (parliament) and taking place in the UK at the discretion of the government.
Introduction
In the Westminster system, where executives are drawn from the legislature and usually hold a majority in the lower house, most of the bill is introduced by the executive (government bill). In principle, the legislature meets to consider executive demands, as set out in the Queen's Speech or Speech from the See .
While mechanisms exist to allow other legislators to introduce bills, this is subject to a tight schedule and usually fails unless consensus is reached. In the US system, where the executive is officially separated from the legislature, all bills must come from the legislature. Billing can be introduced using the following procedure:
- Exit: Movement is taken before the room asks for leave to give the bill. This is used in the British system in the form of motion Ten Minute Rule . The legislator has 10 minutes to file a bill, which may then be considered by the Parliament on the day specified for that purpose. Although this rule remains in effect in the rules of the US Congress procedure, it is rarely used.
- Government motion: In jurisdictions where the executive can control the legislative business, bills may be filed by the executive.
Legislative stage
Billing is generally considered through a number of readings. This refers to the historical practice of clerical officials in the legislature who read the contents of the bill to the legislature. While the bill is no longer readable, the movement on the bill still refers to this practice.
In the British/Westminster system, bills are read when first introduced. This is accompanied by an order for the bill to be printed and considered again. At the second reading, the general benefit of the bill is considered - no need to criticize the bill at this stage because of technical defects in the preparation. After reading the two drafts it was called a committee, which considers bill line by line proposing amendments. The committee reports to the legislature, at which stage further amendments are proposed. Finally, the third reading debate in which the amended bill has been considered as a whole. In bicameral legislatures, this process is repeated in another house, before the bill is submitted to the executive for approval.
Activation and after
If a part of the primary legislation is termed an action, the process of billing into law may be termed as enforcement . Once the law is enacted by the legislature, the law may automatically become law, or may require further approval, where the enactment of a law may be carried out by the signatories of the consent or the statement.
Approval
Legislation passed by the legislature usually requires approval from executives such as kings, presidents, or governors to become law. The exception was the Irish Free State from the abolition of the Governor-General in December 1936 for the establishment of the President's office in December 1937, and Israel from its establishment to this day, during which period bills approved by Oireachtas and Knesset became legal immediately (though, the case of Israel, the law was formally signed after their journey by the President).
In a parliamentary system, the approval of the executive is usually a formality, since the head of state is directed by an executive who is controlled by the legislature. In a constitutional monarchy, this agreement is called the royal consent. In rare cases, consent may be rejected or "ordered" by head of state using reserve power. The legislature may have far less power to introduce bills on such issues and may require prior approval. In the kingdom of the Commonwealth, the prerogatives of the kingdom informed this. In the UK, for example, cases include payments to the royal family, succession to the throne, and the power of the prerogative power monarchy.
In a presidential system, the need for approval can be used as a political tool by the executive, and its refusal is known as veto. The legislature may be able to override the veto through the sound of supermajority.
In some jurisdictions, a bill passed by the legislature may also require consent by a constitutional court. If the court finds that the bill will violate the Constitution, it can either cancel it or send it back to the legislature for correction. In Ireland, the President has the wisdom under Article 26 of the Constitution to refer the bill to the Supreme Court. In Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court has the authority to decide on the law.
Some bills may require approval by referendum. In Ireland, this is mandatory for bills to amend the constitution; it is possible for another bill through a process that is never used.
After that
A bill may enter into force immediately after it becomes law, or may set a later date to enter into force, or may be determined by whom and how it may be applied; for example, with a ministerial order. Different parts of an action may be applied at different times.
An action is usually enacted by publishing it in an official sheet. This may be required at enactment, take effect, or both.
Billing number
Legislators give bill numbers as they progress.
In the United States, all bills originating from the House begin with "DAY". and all bills originating from the Senate begin with "S.". Every two years, at the beginning of odd numbered years, the United States Congress starts with a numbering of 1, although for bills, the House has an order that holds the first 20 bills and the Senate has similar steps for the first 10 bills. The collective resolution also has the same effect as the bill, and is titled "H. J. Res." or "S. J. Res." depending on whether they are from the House or Senate, respectively. This means two different bills can have the same number. Each span of two years is called congress , tracking the terms of the elected Representative in the biennial general elections of the House of Representatives, and each congress is divided into periods throughout the year called sessions .
In the United Kingdom, for example, Coroner and Justice Laws in 2009 began as Bill 9 in the House of Commons. Then it became Bill 72 at the consideration of the Committee, after which became House of Lords Bill 33. Later became House of Lords Bill 77, returned to the House of Commons as Bill 160 before finally passed as Law no. 29. Parliament starts numbering from one at the beginning of each session. This means that two different bills may have the same number. Parliamentary hearings usually last a year. They start with the Parliament's Opening State, and end with Prorogation.
In Ireland Oireachtas, bills are numbered consecutively from the beginning of each calendar year. Bills originating from DÃÆ'¡il and Seanad have the same order. There is a separate order for both public and private charges, the last beginning with "P". Although the act to amend the constitution is beyond the annual sequence used for other public acts, the bill to amend the constitution is on the order of annual public bills.
See also
- Legislative Actions
- Legislative list by country (most legislative articles have information about the process)
- Resolution (legal)
- White paper
- Bill (United States Congress) (a stub is created to clear this article)
- Personal billing
References
External links
Hong Kong
- Bill of Legislative Council Committees
India
- Indian Constitution
- Indian Government Law
Ireland
- How laws are created
- Find bills and actions (since 1922; partial)
- The bill (since 1997, complete)
New Zealand
- The Office of the Parliamentary Advisor - Terminology: What are the Laws, Bills, regulations, and Additional SOP (SOP)?
- Current bill list
United Kingdom
- The British Parliament Guide: Passage of a Bill
- The BBC's Parliamentary Guide:
- Create a new law
- Bill type
- Billing procedure
- First reading
- Second reading
- Commons committee stage
- Lords commiee stage
- Report stage
- Third reading
- Another Home Path
- Royal approval
- Delegated rules
United States
- Charges, Resolutions at THOMAS
- Government 101: How the bill becomes law in Project Vote Smart
- Federal law in GovTrack
- How laws are made in the North Carolina General Assembly
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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