John Reeves (activist)

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For the English naturalist, see John Reeves.

John Reeves (November 20, 1752 - August 7, 1829), was a law historian, civil servant, British judge, conservative activist, and First Judge of Newfoundland. In 1792 he founded the Association for the Preservation of Freedom and Wealth against the Republic and Levellers, for the purpose of suppressing "the publication of lawlessness" written by the French supporters of the French Revolution - the most famous, Thomas Paine Human Rights . Because of his counter-revolutionary actions, he was regarded by many of his contemporaries as "the savior of the English state"; in the years after his death, he was warmly remembered as ultra-Toryism savior.

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Reeves was educated at Eton College and Merton College, Oxford, elected in 1778 as Fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford. In 1779 he was called to the bar and held public office advice for the Royal Mint; Legal officer for the Chamber of Commerce; and superintendent aliens. He also held two positions as Chief Judge of Newfoundland and Labrador (in the summer of 1791 and 1792) until returning to England to accept the position (Receiver of the Public Office) - the payer for the stiptarary judge who was made under the Middlesex Judges Actices of 1792. He also elected as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1789 and the following year elected Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1793 he was appointed as a high-level Manor and Liberty of Savoy and King's Printer in 1800.

Associations

Reeves campaigned against Jacobinism by establishing at the Crown and Anchor shop on November 20, 1792 Association for the Preservation of Freedom and Wealth against the Republic and Levellers. The association was "very successful, even beyond the Constitutional community", with more than 2,000 local branches established before long. They disrupted radical meetings, invaded the printers of Thomas Paine's works, started prosecution for incitement and published loyalist pamphlets. The Crown and Anchor Association met for the last time on June 21, 1793. These loyalist associations largely disappeared within a year "after succeeding in suppressing the organization of their opponents". The leading opposition Whig Charles James Fox denounced the publication of the Association and claimed that if they were printed earlier in this century, they would be prosecuted as treacherous Jacobite tracts because of their defense of the divine right of kings. In his speech on December 10, 1795 Fox described the Association as a system designed to run the country through "the ugliness of spies and intrigues".

Reeves was annoyed that he had received "not a sign of modesty" from William Pitt the Younger government for his loyalist activities. After that Reeves held hostility against Pitt and was a supporter of Addington administration in the early 19th century. William Cobbett stated in 1830 that Reeves told him that he hated Pitt's administration and his principles and bitter experience had taught him that one should kiss or kick the government's ass.

Thought about the British government

In 1795 Reeves anonymously published the first of his thoughts on the British Government, addressed to the calm feeling of the Englishmen in a series of Letters. Reeves claims that "I am not a World Citizen... I am English". In the controversial section Reeves likens the monarchy to a tree:

... The British Government is Monarchy ; Monarch is a supply that comes from the great branches of the Legislature, Lords and Commons, which at the same time gives decoration to the Tree, and provides shelter for those who seek refuge under it. But this is still only a branch, and originating from them and their food from parents with them; they may be cut off, and the Tree is still a Tree; shaved indeed of honor, but not, like them, thrown into the fire. The Kingly Government can continue to walk, in all its functions, without Lords or Commons...

In 1795 a group of Whigs, Fox among them, persuaded the Attorney General to prosecute Reeves for "defaming the British Constitution" because of his tree metaphor and the parliamentary committee was formed to determine the authorship of Mind. Former Whig MP Edmund Burke claims that the prosecution of Reeves is a pretext for the spread of Foxite's view. Burke claims that the tree metaphor is "dirty" and that he should not criticize the 18th-century Whig but Reeves is still a man of "considerable Abilities" whose argument is in Thoughts, "generally fair. , very true "and" no more and no less than the Law of the Land ". In November 1795 Burke wrote to William Windham that Reeves's case was ironic because he was criticized by people whose views threatened all three parts of the British constitution:

Heraldry from the constitution! Do Lords and Commons or Kings have to walk first in the procession! Which is Root, which is a Branch! In good faith, they cut Root and Branch! A Good Grammar Law Business, which is Substantive, which is an adjective. - When a writer puts the whole to be praised and obeyed, - in the past there will be a cause of the argument, that he has given priority to anyone part ? especially to the part that was attacked and exposed? My opinion is, that, if you do not kick this business out with Scorn, Reeves has to Petition and the desire to be heard by himself and his Board.

Reeves was released from defamation even though the jury criticized him for writing "extremely inappropriate publications". Reeves published anonymously the Second Epistle in 1799 and in 1800 the Third and Fourth Letters of the His Mind .

In 1801 Reeves published the Considerations on a vow of coronation in which he supported the King's view that the coronation oath was banned Roman Catholicism from Parliament and his dismissal of the Pitt government in 1801. Reeves also claimed that presbyterianism rather than popery was the greatest threat to the Church and country.

Maps John Reeves (activist)

Publications

• Request for Property and Plantation Properties as defined by English Law (1779).
• The History of English Law (five volumes, 1783 to 1829).
• The Criminal Code, showing the lines and colors of historical views on crime and punishment, according to English law (1779).
• Legal Considerations of the Regency, insofar as Ireland considers (1789).
• Legal History of Shipping and Navigation (1792)
• Government History of Newfoundland Island (1793).
• Malecontent: Letter from the Associate to Francis Plowden, Esq. (1794).
• Thought on British Government (four letters, 1795 to 1800).
• Collect Hebrew and Greek Texts from the Psalms (1800).
• Consideration of the Arrest's Oath to defend the Protestant Reform Religion, and the Settlement of the Church of England (1801).
Discussions on the question of whether the citizens of the United States, who were born there before Independence, were, coming to this Kingdom, to be regarded as natural born subjects [English] , written in 1809 and 1810 , circulated privately, then reprinted in George Chalmers Opinions of Outstanding Attorneys at various points of British Jurisprudence (London 1814) vol. 2, pages 422 et seq., Then reprinted as a separate channel (London 1816), then published in the American Law Journal , edited by Hall, vol. 6, page 30 et seq. (1817).

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Note

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References

• A. V. Beedell, 'Attorney Reeves John Reeves for Freedom of Curse, 1795-6: A Study in the Politics of Sinism', The Historical Journal , Vol. 36, No. 4 (Dec. 1993), pp.Ã, 799-824.
• Robert Eccleshall, (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), pp.Ã, 65-6.
• J. J. Sack, From Jacobite to Conservative. Reaction and orthodoxy in England, c. 1760-1832 (Cambridge University Press, 2004).
• Phillip Schofield, 'Reeves, John (1752-1829)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, September 2004; edn online, Jan 2008.

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Further reading

• E. C. Black, Association: British Space Intelligence Organization, 1769-1793 (Cambridge, Mass., 1983).
• HT Dickinson, 'Loyalism Popular in Britain in the 1790s', in Eckhart Hellmuth (ed.), The Transformation of Political Culture: Britain and Germany in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1990).
• H. T. Dickinson, 'Popular Conservatism and Militant Loyalism, 1789-1815', in Dickinson (ed.), English and French Revolution, 1789-1815 (London, 1988).
• R. R. Dozier, For Kings, Countries and Constitutions: British Loyalists and French Revolution (Lexington, Kentucky, 1983).
• David Eastwood, 'Patriotism and the English State in the 1790s', in Mark Philp (ed.), French Revolution and Popular Politics of England (Cambridge, 1991).
• D. E. Ginter, 'Association Loyalist Movement 1792-3 and British public opinion', Historical Journal , ix (1966).
• Austin Mitchell, 'Association Movement 1792-3', Historical Journal , iv (1961).
• Mark Philp, 'Vulgar Conservatism, 1792-3', English History Reviews , 110 (February 1995).

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External links

• Biography at Canadian Online Biography Dictionary
• Ã, "Reeves, John". Appletons' CyclopÃÆ'Â|dia of American Biography . 1900.

Source of the article : Wikipedia