Gary, Indiana

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Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States, 25 miles (40 km) from downtown Chicago, Illinois. Gary borders the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and borders Lake Michigan. Gary was named after Elbert's lawyer Henry Gary, who was chairman of the founder of the United States Steel Corporation. The city is famous for its large steel factory, and became the birthplace of the band The Jackson 5.

Gary's population is 80,294 at the 2010 census, making it the ninth largest city in the state of Indiana. After a prosperous city from the 1920s through the 1950s due to the booming steel industry, foreign competition in steel production forced many workers out of their jobs and industry quickly declined. Having a reputation for being a difficult city due to political corruption, racial segregation, labor unrest, and violence, the problem is exacerbated by declining industrial and urban infrastructure.

From the mid-20th century to the present, Gary has experienced a drastic population loss, down 55 percent from a peak of 178,320 in 1960. The city is facing difficulties from the city of Rust Belt, including unemployment, decaying infrastructure, and low literacy. and the level of educational attainment. It is estimated that almost one third of all homes in the city are uninhabited and/or dormant.

Video Gary, Indiana

History

Establishments and early years

Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as home to his new plant, Gary Works. The city is named after Elbert's lawyer Henry Gary, who is chairman of the founder of the United States Steel Corporation.

Gary was the site of civil unrest at the Steel Strike of 1919. On October 4, 1919, there was a commotion on Broadway, north-south main road through Gary's city center, between striking steel workers and strike strikes brought in from the outside. Three days later, Indiana Governor James P. Goodrich declared martial law. Shortly thereafter, more than 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order.

The work offered by the steel industry gave Gary a very rapid growth and diverse population in the first 26 years since it was founded. According to the US Census of 1920, 29.7% of Gary's population at the time was classified as foreign-born, mostly from eastern European countries, with another 30.8% classified as indigenous with at least one parent born overseas. In the 1930 Census of the United States, the first census in which Gary's population exceeded 100,000, the city is the fifth largest in Indiana and comparable to the size of South Bend, Fort Wayne, and Evansville. At that time, 19.3% of the population was classified as foreign-born, with another 25.9% as indigenous people with at least one parent born overseas. Gary also became increasingly racially diverse, with 17.8% of the population classified as black, and 3.5% as Mexico.

Post World War II

Gary's wealth has risen and fallen with people from the steel industry. The growth of the steel industry brings prosperity to society. Broadway is known as a commercial center for the region. Significant department stores and movie architectural houses were built in Glen Park's city center and neighborhood.

In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers dependent on one particular industry, Gary entered a downward spiral. Gary's decline is due to the growing competitiveness abroad in the steel industry, which has caused US Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary region. US Steel Gary Works employed more than 30,000 in 1970, dropped to just 6,000 in 1990, and subsequently decreased to 5,100 in August 2015. Efforts to shore up the city's economy with major construction projects, such as the Holiday Inn and Genesis Convention Center. , failed to reverse the decline.

Rapid racial changes occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. These population changes result in political changes that reflect Gary's racial demography: the non-white portion of urban dwellers increased from 21% in 1930, 39% in 1960, to 53% in 1970. Non-whites are primarily restricted to living in parts of Midtown just south of the city center (as per the 1950 Census, 97% of Gary's black population lives in this neighborhood). Gary had one of the first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and organized the 1972 National Black Political Convention.

Since the 1930s, Gary has developed a reputation as a harsh city because of rampant political corruption, racial violence & segregation, labor unrest, and industrial pollution. In the 1960s to the 1980s, the surrounding areas such as Merrillville and Crown Point experienced rapid growth, including new homes and shopping districts. Due to the white flight, economic distress, and the skyrocketing perception of crime, many middle-class and affluent citizens moved to other cities in the metro area.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African American population in US cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84% (in the 2000 US census). This no longer applies to Gary because the city's population has now fallen far below 100,000 inhabitants. In 2013, Gary Reconstruction Department estimated that a third of all homes in the city were empty and/or abandoned.

AS Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but only a fraction of the previous work rate. While Gary has failed to rebuild the manufacturing base since its peak population, two casinos opened along the Gary coast in the 1990s, although this has been exacerbated by the closure of Cline Avenue state, an important access to the area. Today, Gary faces the difficulties of the Rust Belt city, including unemployment, deteriorating infrastructure, and low literacy and education.

Recent history

Gary has closed several of his schools in the last ten years. While some school buildings have been reused, most remain unused since closing. In 2014, Gary is considering closing additional schools in response to the budget deficit.

Police chief Gary Thomas Houston was convicted of excessive force and abuse of authority in 2008; he died in 2010 while serving a three-year prison term, five months in federal prison.

In April 2011, 75-year-old mayor Rudy Clay announced that he would suspend his campaign for re-election due to ongoing treatment for prostate cancer. Upon exiting the race, Clay endorsed his rival Karen Freeman-Wilson, who won the Democrat primary mayor in May. Freeman-Wilson won the election with 87 percent of the vote and his term begins in January 2012; she was the first woman to be elected mayor in the city's history.

List of National Historic Places

The following national and historical heritage properties are listed in the National Register of Historic Places:

Maps Gary, Indiana

Nearby Areas

Downtown Gary

Downtown Gary is separated by Broadway into two separate communities. Initially, Gary City consists of The East Side, The West Side, The South Side (south area of ​​the railway near 9th Avenue) and Glen Park, which lies further south along Broadway. The East Side is bordered by streets named after the States for their acceptance to the Union. The area contains mostly wooden skeleton houses, some of the earliest houses and are known for their ethnic populations from Europe and large families. It is a beautiful area of ​​a single family house with repetitive design houses that alternate from one street to another, some of the roads look very similar. Some of the most famous buildings on the East Side are the Memorial Auditorium (large auditorium of red and stone rocks and venues, concerts and graduations) The Palace Theater, Emerson School, St. Luke's Church, H.C. Gordon & amp; The Kids and Convenience Store There is Goldblatt, next to the Fair Department Store all in front of Broadway on the main road that divides Gary, like State Street and Madison Streets split Chicago's North, South, West and East Sides. Lytton's Ladies Shop, Hudson, J.C. Penney and Radigan Bros Furniture Store are on the west side of Broadway.

The West side of Gary, or West Broadway, the main commercial street, the streets are named after the president of the United States in their election. This side of the city is known for its stone or brick houses, its higher and larger commercial buildings, including the Gary National Bank Building, the Gary Hotel (now Genesis Towers), The Knights of Columbus Hotel & Building (now a senior building fronting 5th Avenue), Tivoli Theater (dismantled), US Post Office, Main Library, Mercy and Methodist Hospital, and Cathedral and School of Holy Angels. The West Side also has a secondary secondary road, Fifth Avenue filled with many commercial businesses, restaurants, theaters, tall buildings and elegant apartment buildings. The West Side is seen as more exclusive, with dwellings dating from around 1908 to 1930s. Most of the West Side housing is for executives from US Steel and leading businessmen, with some examples being 413 Tyler Street and 636 Lincoln Street. Many of the houses are in larger establishments, with larger residences and larger houses located in several areas of the West Side. There are also unique concrete plot houses piled together and known as "Milling Houses", as they are built to accommodate steel mill workers.

The area known as Emerson and Downtown West joins to form Downtown Gary. It was developed in 1920 and houses some impressive architectural pieces, including one (disputed) structure, Moe House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, and another, Wynant House (1917), which was destroyed by fire. A large number of old buildings have been destroyed in recent years, but a number of abandoned buildings remain in the city center, including historical buildings such as Union Station, Palace Theater, and City Methodist Church. Large areas of the downtown neighborhood (including the City Methodist) were destroyed by a fire on October 12, 1997. Interstate 90 divided Gary's city center from the United States Steel mill.

West

Ambridge Mann is located on the west side of Gary along 5th Avenue. Ambridge was developed for workers at a nearby steel mill in the 1910s and 1920s and was named after American Bridge Works, a subsidiary of US Steel. This neighborhood is home to a large stock of prairie styles and art deco homes. The Gary Masonry Temple is located in the neighborhood along with the Ambassador apartment building. Located just south of Interstate 90, this neighborhood is viewable past Buchanan Street.

Brunswick is located on the far western side of Gary. This neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can be seen from the highway. The Brunswick region includes the Tri-City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue (USA 20). This area is south of Gary Chicago International Airport.

Downtown West is located in north-central Gary on the west side of Broadway just south of Interstate 90. The Genesis Convention Center, Gary Police Department, Lake Superior Court House, and Main Library of Gary Public Library are located along the 5th Avenue. Construction of new apartments with revenues of 123 units was built using the HUD Hope VI grant in 2006. Adam Benjamin Metro Center is located north of 4th Avenue. It is operated by Gary Public Transportation Corporation and acts as a multimodal hub. It serves as the Gary South Shore railway station and the intercity bus stop.

Tolleston is one of Gary's oldest neighborhoods, ahead of most of the rest of the city. It was plated by George Tolle in 1857, when railroads came to the area. The area is west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann. Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road.

South

Black Oak is located on Gary's southwest side, around the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway. It was annexed in the 1970s. Before that, Black Oak was an informally unrelated area linked to Hammond, and the area had Hammond's phone number. The community was convinced (after the previous three failed attempts) by Mayor Hatcher that the inhabitants would benefit more from services provided by the city than from those provided by the district. This is the only white majority neighborhood in Gary.

Glen Park is located on the far south side of Gary and is composed mostly of mid-twentieth century houses. Glen Park is divided from the rest of the city by the Borman Expressway. The northern part of Glen Park is home to Gary's Gleason Park Golf Course and the Indiana University Northwest campus. The western part of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center. Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor on Broadway.

Midtown is located just south of Downtown Gary, along Broadway. This is, traditionally, the original "black" environment in pre-1960s days of segregation.

North and East

Aetna is located on the far east side of Gary along the Dunes Highway. Aetna preceded the town of Gary. It was a company town founded in 1881 by Aetna Powder Works, an explosives company that closed with the end of World War I. The city of Aetna was annexed in 1928 around the same time Gary annexed Miller City. The building explosion occurred shortly thereafter in the late 1920s and early 1930s, making Aetna home to an impressive collection of art deco architecture. The rest of the community was built throughout the 1950s after the Korean War in a series of phases. To the south and east, Aetna is bordered by undeveloped floodplains in the Little Calumet River.

Emerson is located in north-central Gary on the east side of Broadway. Located just south of Interstate 90. Gary City Hall is located in Emerson along with the Indiana Department of Social Services building and the Calumet Township Trustee office. A minor league baseball stadium with 6,000 seats for Gary SouthShore RailCats, U.S. Steel Yard, built in 2002, along with adjacent commercial space and small residential development.

Miller Beach, also known as the Miller Station or just as Miller, is on the far east side of Gary. Entered as a self-contained city in 1907, Miller was annexed by the town of Gary in 1918. Miller thrived around the old railway stops and railway stations known, as early as the 1840s, as Miller's Junction. The area of ​​Miller Beach remains somewhat detached from Gary's remains both culturally and geographically. Miller Beach continues to be racially and economically diverse, and attracts investors as many homes throughout the year and summer are within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan. Prices for affordable lake properties are compared to Illinois suburban communities. Lake Street provides shopping and dining for visitors and residents of Miller Beach. East Edge, the development of 28 high-end condominiums, townhome and single-family homes, began construction in 2007 on the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road, a block south of Lake Michigan.

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Geography

The city is located at the southern tip of the former lake Lake prehistoric Lake Chicago, and also Lake Michigan today. Most of the city's land is almost a foot below the surface is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its shores, has such a high quality that several years earlier it was mined for glass making.

According to the 2010 census, Gary has a total area of ​​57.18 square miles (148.10 km ² ), of which 49.87 square miles (129.16 km ² ) (or 87.22%) is land and 7, 31 square miles (18.93 km ² ) (or 12.78%) is water.

Gary is a "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan. In northwest Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago. Miller Beach, its easternmost neighborhood, borders Lake Station and Portage. The southernmost part of Gary borders on Griffith, Hobart, Merrillville, and Ross unrelated. Gary is about 40 miles (64 km) from the Chicago Loop.

Climate

Gary is listed by the KÃÆ'¶ppen-Geiger climate classification system as a humid continent (DFA). In July and August, the hottest months, high temperatures average 84Ã, ° F (29Ã,  ° C) and peaks just above 100Ã,  ° F (38Ã,  ° C), and low mean temperature 63Ã,  ° F (17Ã,  ° C). ). In January and February, the coldest month, high temperatures averaged about 29Ã,  ° F (-2Ã,  ° C) and an average low temperature of 13Ã, ° F (-11Ã,  ° C), with at least some days the temperature dipping below 0  ° F (-18  ° C).

Gary's weather is highly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan, being at the southernmost point of the lake. Weather varies every year. In summer, Gary is damp. The average annual rainfall in the city is about 40 inches. Summer is the rainy season. Winter is varied but mostly snowing. Snow in Gary averages about 25 inches per year. Sometimes big snow storms hit by the "snow lake effect", a phenomenon where large amounts of water evaporate from the lake deposit to the coastline as a lot of snow.

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Demographics

census 2010

At the 2010 census, there were 80,294 people, 31,380 households, and 19,691 families living in the city. Population density is 1,610.1 inhabitants per square mile (621.7/km ² ). There are 39,531 housing units with an average density of 792.7 per square mile (306.1/km ² ). City racial makeup is 84.8% African American, 10.7% White, 0.3% Native Americans, 0.2% Asian, 1.8% of other races, and 2.1% of two or more races. The Hispanic or Latino of any race is 5.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 8.9% of the population in 2010, down from 39.1% in 1970.

There are 31,380 households that 33.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.2% are married couples living together, 30.9% have unmarried female households present, 6.7% have a home ladder men without wife, and 37.2% not family. 32.8% of all households consist of individuals and 11.9% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.23.

The average age in the city is 36.7 years. 28.1% of the population is under 18 years of age; 8.6% between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% is from 25 to 44; 27.1% are from 45 to 64; and 14.5% are 65 years old or older. The urban gender makeup is 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

census 2000

In the 2000 census, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families living in the city. Population density is 2,045.5 people per square mile (789.8/km ²). There are 43,630 housing units with an average density of 868.6 per square mile (335.4/km²). City racial makeup is 84.03% African American, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Island, 1.97% of other races, and 1.71 % of two or more races. The Hispanic or Latino of any race is 4.93% of the population.

There are 38,244 households where 31.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% are married couples living together, 30.9% have female households without husbands, and 33.0% are not family. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city, the population is spread by 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% years or more. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there are 84.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 78.0 men.

The average income for households in the city is $ 27,195, and the average income for families is $ 32,205. Men have an average income of $ 34,992 compared to $ 24,432 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 14,383. Approximately 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population are below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under the age of 18 and 14.1% of those aged 65 years or older.

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Art and culture

Art and movies

The 1996 urban film Original Gangstas was filmed in the city. The film stars Gary native Fred Williamson, Pam Grier, Jim Brown, Richard Roundtree, and Isabel Sanford, among others. Since the early 2000s, Gary has experienced a spike in Hollywood filmmakers who want to record a movie in the city. In 2009, the scene for remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street was filmed in Gary. The scene from Transformers: Dark of the Moon wrapped up filming on August 16, 2010.

The History Channel Documentary Life After People was filmed in the broken and disjointed parts of Gary.

Broadway musical Meredith Willson in 1957 The Music Man performed the song "Gary, Indiana", where the main character (and swindler) Professor Harold Hill sadly recalls his hometown. In the drama, Hill claimed to be an alumnus of "Gary Conservatory of Music, Class of '05," but his entire reference to Gary was later revealed as another lie, because Gary's City was not founded until 1906. Willson's music, set in 1912, a film (1962) and a television film (2003).

Historic Sites on the National List

Public library

The Gary Public Library system consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches: Brunswick Branch, W. E. B. DuBois Branch, J. F. Kennedy Branch, Tolleston Branch, and Woodson Branch. In March 2011, the Gary Library Agency chose to close the main library on 5th Avenue and Tolleston branches in what officials say is their best economic choice. The main library closes at the end of 2011. The building is now a museum. The Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue on Gary's city limits. In addition, Indiana University Northwest operates the John W. Anderson Library on its campus.

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Sports

The following sports franchise is based in Gary:

• The Gary SouthShore RailCats is an American Association, a professional baseball team. The team plays at Gary's U.S. baseball stadium. Steel Yard. The RailCats played in the Northern League from 2002 to 2010 and now play in the modern American Association. The team won the league championships in 2005, 2007, and 2013.
• Gary used to be home to two professional basketball franchises. Gary Splash plays in the International Basketball League from 2010 to 2013, by calling the Genesis Center Center. Previously, Steelheads Gary played at the Genesis Convention Center as part of IBL (1999-2001), CBA, USBL, and IBL.

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Education

Most of Gary's public schools are run by Gary Community School Corporation. Other public schools within the city are managed by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation, which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and the unrelated Calumet Township. Because of the annexation law, Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary's public school.

Charter School

The charter school in Indiana, included in Gary, was awarded a charter by one of a small number of charter agencies. The Indiana charter school is generally managed in cooperation between leasing agencies, local parent councils and community members, paid school administrators, and management companies. Charter schools at Gary in 2011 included Thea Bowman Leadership Academy, Charter of the Dunes School, Gary Lighthouse Charter School (formerly, Parish of the Blessed Sacrament and School Class), and the 21st Century Charter.

Higher education

Gary is home to two state college campuses:

• Indiana University Northwest
• Ivy Tech Community College Northwest

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Media

Newspapers

Gary is served by two major newspapers based out of town, and by interest papers mostly from African-American origin. This paper provides regional topics, and includes events in Gary.

• The Post-Tribune , originally Gary Post-Tribune , is now based in Merrillville, on the outskirts of Gary.
• The Times , formerly known as Hammond Times . The office and facilities for The Times are near Munster.
• Gary Crusader , which is based in Gary and mostly focuses on black and African-American interests and readers.
• The INFO newspaper , based in Gary and mostly focusing on black and African-American interests and readers.
• The Chicago Tribune are also distributed in Gary.

Television and radio

Gary is served by five local television stations plus government access and a number of Chicago radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

• WPWR-TV (Channel 50) is a Chicago CW and an affiliate of MyNetworkTV, but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are shared with WFLD in Chicago, and like WFLD, WPWR is owned by Fox Television Station.
• WYIN (Channel 56) is a licensed PBS affiliate to Gary. Their studio is in Merrillville.
• WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is managed by students in a broadcast program at Gary's Career Center. WGVE also runs limited NPR programming.
• WLTH (AM 1370) runs a syndication talk program.
• WWCA (AM 1270) is a radio station owned and operated by Relevant Radio, carrying programs from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

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Infrastructure

Medical facilities

• Gary Community Health Center
• Methodist Hospital

Police

Gary is served by Gary Police Department and Lake County Sheriff.

Fire Department

The Gary Fire Department (GFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the town of Gary.

Transportation

• The Gary Public Transportation Corporation (GPTC) commuter bus system offers services to many stops across towns and suburbs. GPTC also has an express service to locations outside the city including connections to Chicago transit. The front door pickup is available to disabled residents at no extra charge.
• Gary/Chicago International Airport operates as the "third airport" for the Chicago area. With a new platform, it is undergoing a federal-funded expansion, and the government is eyeing the airline aggressively. Boeing has based its company fleet here. The National Guard intends to launch the Chicago area air operations there as well.
• Interstate 90 (Indiana Toll Road), Interstate 80, Interstate 94, and Interstate 65 run through Gary, as well as US Routes 12 and 20, Indiana State Road 912/Cline Avenue and former Indiana State Road 312 landmarks are now disabled.
• The Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District (NICTD) operates the South Shore Line, a commuter train system (one of the last inter-city railway systems operating in the United States), runs between Chicago and South Bend.

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Famous people

The Jacksons

Gary is the hometown of The Jackson 5, a family of musicians that influences the sound of popular modern music. In 1950, Joseph and Katherine Jackson moved from East Chicago, Indiana into their two-room home at 2300 Jackson St., after they married on November 5, 1949. The famous brothers would later record a song titled "2300 Jackson Street" in 1989. Members of the Jackson family:

Other famous people

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Twin Cities

• Fuxin, China
• Lagos, Nigeria,

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See also

• List of tallest buildings in Gary
• Northwest Indiana
• The area in Gary, Indiana
• Magnitogorsk, the city that imitates Gary

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References

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Further reading

• Lane, James (1978). City of the Century ": History of Gary, Indiana Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-253-11187-0.
• Lane, James (2006). First Hundred Years Gary: Hundred Years of Gary's Anniversary, Indiana 1906-2006 . Valparaiso, Indiana: Home Mountain Printing. ISBN: 0-9773511-1-4.
• Lane, James B.; Cohen, Ronald D. (2003). Gary, Indiana: pictorial history . Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Co. Publisher ISBN: 9781578642106.
• Mohl, Raymond A.; Betten, Neil (1986). City of steel: urban and ethnic patterns in Gary, Indiana, 1906-1950 . New York: Holmes & amp; Meier. ISBN: 978-0841910775.
• O'Hara, S. Paul (2011). Gary, the most American of all American cities . Bloomington, Ind. [U.a.]: Indiana Univ. Press. ISBN: 9780253222886.

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External links

• Official website

Source of the article : Wikipedia