Mothers Against Drunk Driving ( MADD ) is a nonprofit organization in the United States and Canada that seeks to stop drunk driving, support those affected by drunk driving, prevent drunkenness in underage, and seek a tighter driving policy, whether the damage is caused by alcohol or other drugs. The Irving, Texas-based organization was founded on September 5, 1980, in California by Candace Lightner after her 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed by a drunk driver. There is at least one MADD office in every state of the United States and at least one in every Canadian province. These offices offer victim services and many resources that involve the safety of alcohol. MADD claims that drunk driving has been reduced by half since it was established.
Video Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Position
According to the MADD website, "The mission of Mothers Against Drunk Driving is to stop drunk driving, support victims of this violent crime and prevent drinking minors." MADD generally supports strict policies in various fields, including 0.8% or lower alcoholic blood alcohol content and uses stronger sanctions for DUI offenders, including mandatory prison sentences, treatment for alcoholism and other alcohol abuse issues, interlock locking devices, and suspension of license; maintaining legal minimum drinking age at 21 years; mandating alcohol Breath-testing ignition interlock devices (IIDs) for all people convicted of driving when they are subject to legal harassment.
Founder of MADD, Candace Lightner left the group in 1985. In 2002, as reported by The Washington Times, Lightner stated that MADD "has become far more neo-prohibitionist than I ever wanted or imagined... I did not start MADD for dealing with alcohol I started MADD to deal with drunken driving problems ".
Maps Mothers Against Drunk Driving
History
On May 3, 1980, Find Lightner, a 13-year-old girl, was killed by a drunk hit-and-run driver on Sunset and New York Avenue in Fair Oaks, California. The 46-year-old driver, who was recently arrested for another DUI attack, left the Search body on the scene. Mother Search, Candace (Candy) Lightner, organized Mothers Against Drunk Driving and then served as founding president. The 1983 television film Lightner collects publicity for the group, which is growing rapidly.
In the early 1980s, the group caught the attention of the United States Congress. Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) does not like the fact that young people in New Jersey can easily travel to New York to buy alcoholic beverages, avoiding New Jersey laws that limit consumption to those aged 21 years and over.
The group had the greatest success by enacting federal law 1984, the National Minimum Boundary Act, which introduced federal punishment (5% - later raised to 10% - loss of federal highway dollars), to state that it did not raise the legal minimum age for the purchase and possession of alcohol to 21. After the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in the 1987 case of South Dakota v. Dole , every state and District of Columbia made the necessary adjustments in 1988 (but not the territory of Puerto Rico and Guam). However, in July 2010, Guam raised his drinking age to 21.
In 1985, Lightner objected to the focus of the shift from MADD, and left his position with the organization.
In 1988, a drunk driver traveling the wrong way on Interstate 71 in Kentucky caused a collision with a school bus. Twenty-seven people died and dozens more were injured in the ensuing fires. Known as the Carrollton bus disaster, it was the same as another bus accident in Kentucky in 1958 as the deadliest bus accident in US history. As a result, some of the victims' parents became actively involved in MADD and one became its national president.
In 1989, MADD Canada was founded.
In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the largest research results on the popularity and credibility of charitable and non-profit organizations. This study shows that MADD is classified as "the most popular/nonprofit charity in America of over 100 charities studied with 51% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing" Love "and" Like A Lot "for MADD.
MADD released the first "Rating the States" report, assessing the state in their progress towards drunk driving, in 1991. "Rating the States" has been released four times since then.
In 1999, the National Board of Directors of MADD unanimously voted to change the organization's mission statement to include the prevention of underage drinking.
In 2002, MADD announced the "Eight-Point Plan". It consists of:
- Awaken state efforts to prevent driving disruptions.
- Improve drunken driving (DWI)/driving under enforcement (DUI) enforcement, especially the use of widely publicized checks.
- Enforcing law of law enforcement belts in all states.
- Create stronger, more comprehensive sanctions aimed at drivers with higher risks.
- Develop a dedicated National Traffic Safety Fund.
- Reduce underage drinking.
- Increase the excise tax of beer to the same level as the tax for spirits.
- Re-enable the court monitoring program.
In a press release in November 2006, MADD launched the 'Campaign to Eliminate Driving Drunk': this is a four-point plan to completely eliminate drunk driving in the United States using a combination of current technology (such as alcohol ignition devices), new technology in smart cars, law, and grassroots activism.
MADD's national president was Millie I. Webb in 2002. Chuck Hurley became CEO of MADD in 2005. He retired in June 2010 and was replaced by Kimberly Earle, who has been CEO of Susan G. Komen for Cure since 2007. Earle goes on to become president Sanford Health Foundation in January 2012, Edith Sanford's Breast Cancer Foundation. Debbie Weir replaced her as MADD CEO.
Funding
Under the 2006 Obama-Coburn Federal Accountability Transparency Act, MADD received $ 56,814 in funds from the federal government in fiscal year 2000, and a total of $ 9,593,455 between fiscal years 2001 and 2006.
In 1994, Money magazine reported that telemarketers collected more than $ 38 million for MADD, saving nearly half of it in fees. This relationship continues to this day.
In 2001, the magazine Worth included MADD as one of its "100 best charities".
In 2005, USA Today reported that the American Institute of Philanthropy reduced MADD from "C" to "D" in its rankings. The Institute notes that MADD categorizes many of the fundraising costs as "education costs", and that up to 58% of its revenues are excluded from what the Institute sees as fundraising and management.
Charity Navigator ranked MADD at 63.53 out of 100 on its finance ranking scale and 96.00 out of 100 on accountability and transparency scales for its 2013 fiscal year. MADD reported that they spent 24.4% of their total spending on fundraising that year.
In 2014, MADD spends more than $ 9 million on fundraising activities in accordance with the 2014 tax refund.
Activities and criticism
Radley Balko, an advocate for driving driving decriminalization, argued in a December 2002 article that MADD policies became arrogant. "In fairness, MADD deserves credit for raising awareness of the dangers of driving while intoxicated.Almost certainly MADD's efforts to spark public debate have had an impact on the decline of casualties since 1980, when Candy Lightner founded the group after his daughter was killed by a drunk driver, writes Balko. "But MADD is the heart of the big bureaucracy, it boasts an annual budget of $ 45 million, $ 12 million of which pays for salaries, pensions and benefits, the bureaucracy does not change easily, even when their problems are created to cope with change. Charity Watch gives MADD a value of "C-".
Drunk driving laws
MADD is heavily involved in lobbying to reduce the legal limit for blood alcohol from BAC.10 to BAC.08. In 2000, this standard was adopted by Congress and in 2004, each country had a legal limit of.08 BAC. MADD Canada has called for a maximum legal BAC of 0.05. Although many MADD leaders have supported the lower limit, MADD does not call for legal restrictions of.05 in the United States.
Victim impact panel
MADD promotes the use of victim impact panels (VIPs), where judges require DWI offenders to hear victims or relatives of drunk driving victims connecting their experiences. MADD received $ 5,547,693 in 2010 from VIP; most of these revenues are voluntary contributions by those present because some states do not allow fees imposed on violators for non-legislative programs. Other countries like California and Georgia require that fees be paid to attend. In California, this fee ranges from $ 25 to $ 50 depending on the region and in Georgia, this fee is $ 50. Some states in the United States, such as Massachusetts, allow victims of all crimes, including drunk driving accidents, to grant statement of the impact of the victim before the sentence so that judges and prosecutors can consider the impact on the victim in deciding the appropriate punishment to recommend or enforce. Presentations are often emotional, detailed, and graphic, and focus on the tragic negative consequences of DWI and alcohol related accidents. According to John Howard Society, several studies have shown that allowing victims to make statements and testifying psychologically is beneficial to them and aiding their recovery and in their satisfaction with the criminal justice system. New Mexico research shows that VIPs tend to be confrontational by many offenders. Such offenders then have a higher incidence of future violations.
Grand Theft Auto
On April 29, 2008, MADD issued a press release criticizing video game Grand Theft Auto IV that said it was "very disappointing" with the producers. MADD has requested ESRB to reassess the game for Adults Only. They also asked the manufacturer (Rockstar) "to consider discontinuing the distribution - if not out of the responsibility to the public, then to honor millions of survivors of drunk driving." Players can drunk driving at Grand Theft Auto IV but doing so makes it more difficult to drive. The game also explicitly recommends that players take a taxi instead of driving, and the characters making funny comments suggest that it is bad to encourage a hangover. Ignoring this will cause consequences: if there is a police officer around when the player is driving drunk, the player immediately becomes a police fugitive.
Blood alcohol content
Prior to MADD's influence, drunken driving laws overcame danger by making it criminal to drive a vehicle while experiencing a disruption - that is, when "under the influence of alcohol"; the amount of alcohol in the body is evidence of the damage. The rate specified at the time - usually, 0.15% - high enough to show a hangover rather than damage. Partly due to the influence of MADD, all 50 states have now passed a law that makes it a criminal offense to drive with a specified alcohol level of 0.08% or higher.
Quiet checkpoints
MADD writes that "the opponents of the quiet checkpoints tend to be people who drink and drive and worry about being caught."
Radley Balko, a drunken-minded restrainer and author of Reason Magazine, discussed the possible social implications of some MADD policies in the 2002 article. He writes, "In his eight-point plan to 'jump the war to a halt on driving in a drunken state, 'MADD advocates the use of publicly random highways to find drivers who have been drinking. "
Beer tax
Balko criticized MADD for not advocating higher excise taxes on distilled spirits, despite campaigns for higher excise taxes for beer. He wrote, "Interestingly, MADD refrains from calling for additional taxes on distilled spirits, an industry whose organization has partnered with various drunken driving awareness projects." MADD writes, "Today, federal excise taxes are $ 0.05 per beer can, $ 0.04 for a glass of wine and $ 0.12 for a set of distilled drinks, all of which contain about the same amount of alcohol." Point 7 of 8-Point Plan MADD is to "Increase the excise tax of beer to match current excise taxes on processed spirits".
The ignition ignition apparatus
In addition, MADD has proposed that an alcohol breath locking device should be installed in all new cars. Tom Incantalupo wrote: "In the end, the group said yesterday, he wanted what he called a factory-mounted pair of alcohol in all new cars." The main reason why people keep getting drunk today is because they can, "said MADD president Glynn Birch at a news teleconference from Washington, DC"
Sarah Longwell, a spokeswoman for the lobby group of the American Beverage Institute restaurant, responded to MADD's proposal for interlock lighting by stating "This campaign is not about eliminating drunk driving, it is about eliminating all moderate drinking before driving.40 million Americans who drink and drive "He also pointed out that" Many countries have laws that regulate the level of suspected poisoning at 0.05% and you can not adjust your interlock depending on which country you are driving.In addition, once you factor in the problem liability and share vehicles with underage drivers You have pushed the preset limit to about 0.02% This will be the de facto zero tolerance policy . "
A review of the device concluded, "The results show that interlocks work for some offenders in some contexts, but not for all offenders in all situations, and more specifically, the locking device works best when installed, although there is also some evidence that a court order to install interlocks are effective for repeat infringers of the DUI, although not all violators comply with and install the device.The California administrative program, where repeated DUI offenders install interlock devices for limited driving privileges, is also associated with a reduction in subsequent DUI incidents. the interlock ignition command does not seem effective is the first DUI offender with high blood alcohol level. ".
See also
- Alcohol-related traffic broke down in the United States
- Amethyst Initiative
- Select Responsibility
- Drive under influence
- Drunk driving in the United States
- Foundation to Advance Alcohol Responsibility
- Reduce Driving Disorder Everywhere
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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