Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to govern the use of electric bicycles. Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing safety requirements and manufacturing standards. Other countries such as the EU signatories have approved broader legislation that includes the use and safety of their EPAC (electrically assisted cycle pedals).
However, laws and terminology vary. Some countries have national regulations but leave the legality of road use for states and provinces to decide. Laws and city restrictions add further complications. The classification and nomenclature systems also vary. Jurisdictions may address "power-assisted bicycles" (Canada) or "electric aid cycles" (UK) or "electric pedal power cycles" (EU) or just "electric bicycles". Some classify pedelecs as different from other bikes using electric power. Thus, the same hardware can be subject to different classifications and regulations.
Video Electric bicycle laws
Australia
In Australia e-bike is defined by the Australian Vehicle Standard as a bike that has an additional motor with maximum power output not exceeding 200 W without consideration for the speed limit or pedal sensor. Each country is responsible for deciding how to treat the vehicle and now all countries agree that the vehicle does not require a license or registration. Various groups are lobbying to increase this low limit to encourage wider use of e-bikes to help mobility, health benefits and reduce congestion, pollution and road hazards. Some states have their own rules such as not rising under the power of bicycle lanes and through built areas so that motorists should see state legislation regarding their use. There is no license and no registration is required for the use of e-bike.
Since May 30, 2012, Australia has an additional new e-bike category using the EU pedelec model according to CE EN15194 standard. This means the e-bike can have a 250W electric motor that can be activated only by paddling (if above 6 km/h) and should cut more than 25 km/h - if so classified as a regular bike. The state of Victoria is the first to amend their local road rules, see below.
Australian road vehicles must comply with all applicable Australian Design Rules (ADRs) before they can be supplied to the market for use in transportation (the 1989 Motor Vehicle Standard Act).
ADR contains the following definitions for bicycles and mopeds:
- 4.2. Two Wheelers and Three Wheels
- 4.2.1. THE PEDAL CYCLE (AA)
A vehicle designed to be driven through mechanisms solely by human forces.
- 4.2.2. CYCLE POWER-ASSISTED (AB)
The pedal cycles coupled with one or more additional propulsion motors that have a combined maximum power output shall not exceed 200 watts.
- 4.2.3. MOPED - 2 Wheels (LA)
The two-wheel motor vehicle is not a power assisted pedal cycle, with engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 ml and "Maximum Motor Speed ​​Cycle" not exceeding 50 km/h; or 2-wheel motor vehicles with resources other than the piston engine and the "Maximum Motor Speed ​​Cycle" does not exceed 50 km/h.
(Vehicle Standards (Australian Design Rules - Definitions and Vehicle Categories 2005 Compilation 3 19 September 2007).
No ADR applies to AA or AB category vehicles. There is ADR for lighting, braking, noise, control and dimensions for LA category vehicles, mostly referring to the equivalent ECE UN Rules. Approval is required to supply to any road vehicle market where ADR is applicable and import approval is required to import road vehicles to Australia.
New South Wales
In New South Wales, a rotation cycle assisted by a motor with an electric engine does not need to be registered if the maximum engine output is less than 250 watts. Excluded cyclists from registration must follow the same rules as for motorless cycles, and vehicles requiring registration (mopeds) are treated as motorcycles.
However, in October 2014 all petrol-powered cycles are prohibited.
Victoria
Bicycles, designed to be driven by human power using a pedal, may have electric motors or powered gasoline installed provided that the maximum power output of the motor does not exceed 200 watts.
Since September 18, 2012, Victorian street rules have been changed to allow pedelecs to be used as bicycles in Victoria. This change will allow more power cycle drive options under the bicycle laws.
Pedelec is defined as meeting the EU EN15194 standard, having a motor no more than 250w of continuous rated power and which is only activated by pedaling, when traveling at speeds between 6kph and 25kph.
Queensland
In Queensland, the situation is similar to Victoria. There are two types of legal motorcycles. For the first type, the electric motor should not be capable of producing more than 200 watts of power. For the second type, known as the "pedalec", the vehicle must comply with the European Standards for Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EN15194).
Pedals on motorized bicycles should be the main source of power for vehicles. If the motor is the main source of power then the device can not be classified as a motorized bicycle. For example, a device where the driver can rotate the throttle and finish the journey using motor power alone without pedals, will not be classified as a motorized bike.
Motorcycles can be driven on all roads and lanes, unless the bike is specifically excluded. Motorists do not need to have a driver's license to ride a motorcycle.
Maps Electric bicycle laws
Canada
Eight Canadian provinces allow electric power aid bikes. In all eight provinces, e-bikes are limited to 500W output, and can not travel faster than 32 km/h (20 mph) on electric motors alone at ground level. In Alberta before July 1, 2009, the limit was 750 W and 35 km/h (22 mph), but is currently in compliance with federal law. Age restrictions vary across Canada. All require approved helmets. Rules may or may not require interlock to prevent power usage when the driver is not pedaling. Multiple versions (e.g. If able to operate without pedaling) e-bikes require driver licenses in some provinces and have age restrictions. Vehicle license and liability insurance are not required. Generally, they are considered vehicles (such as motorcycles and pedal cycles), so are subject to the same road rules as regular bikes. In some cases, regulatory requirements have been complicated by lobbying with Segway PT.
Bicycles assisted by gasoline motors or other fuels are set differently from e-bikes. These are classified as motorcycles, regardless of the motor power output and the maximum speed that can be achieved.
Note that in Canada, the term "aid bicycle" is a technical term for electronic bicycles and "power-assisted bicycles" used in Canadian Federal Legislation, but is carefully set only to apply to electric motor assistance, and specifically excludes combustion engines internal (though this is not the case in the United States).
Federal Requirements
Since 2000, the Canadian Vehicle Safety Regulations (MVSR) have defined the Electric Assistance Bicycle (PAB) as a separate category, and which do not require a license to operate. The current PAB is defined as a two-or three-wheeled bike equipped with a handlebar and pedal that can be driven, an electric motor mounted 500W or less, and a maximum speed capability of 32 km/h from the motor above the ground. Other requirements include permanently attached labels of the manufacturer in a conspicuous location stating that the vehicle is a power assisted bicycle under the applicable legal requirements at the time of manufacture. All electric assisted bicycles should use electric motors for assisted propulsion.
Power-assisted bicycles can be imported and exported freely in Canada without the same restrictions placed on cars or mopeds. Under federal law, electrically assisted bicycles may be restricted from operations on some roads, lanes, roads, or highways by local municipalities.
Bicycle-style PAB is permitted on the Capital Pathway National Capital Commission (NCC) network, but scooter-style PAB is prohibited. All PABs (bicycles and scooters-style) are allowed on special NCC bike lanes. All PABs are prohibited on the natural surface of Gatineau Park.
Provincial requirements for use
Alberta
Alberta identifies e-bikes as "electric bicycles" and is consistent with the federal definition of "power-assisted bicycles" in MVSR CRC, c 1038 s 2. Motor output should not exceed 500 W (0.671 hp) and e-bikes can not travel faster from 32 km/h (20 mph). A fully operable pedal is required. No driver's license, vehicle insurance, or vehicle registration. The operator must be 12 years old or older. All operators are required to wear motorcycle helmets that meet the standards specified in AR 122/2009 s 112 (2). Passengers are only allowed if the e-bike is equipped with seats intended for the passenger.
British Columbia
E-bikes are identified as "motor-assisted cycles" (MAC) in British Columbia, which are different from mopeds and electric scooters, which are "limited speed motorcycles." The motor assisted cycle should: have an electric motor no more than 500 W; has a fully operable pedal; unable to push the device at speeds of more than 32 km/h [19.9 mph]. The engine must release when (a) the operator stops pedaling, (b) the accelerator controller is removed, OR (c) the brake is applied. Driving license, vehicle registration and insurance are not required. Bicycle helmets should be worn.
E-bikes in British Columbia must comply with all standards outlined in the Rules for Motorcycle Cycle, BC Reg 151/2002.
Ontario
Ontario is one of the last provinces in Canada that is moving toward legalizing electric powered bicycles (PABs) for use on the road, even though they have been federally and legally established in Canada since early 2001. In November 2005, "Bill 169" received royalty. an agreement that allows the Ontario Ministry of Transport (MTO) to put any vehicle on the road. On October 4, 2006, Transportation Minister Ontario Donna Cansfield announced a Pilot Project enabling PAB that meets the federal standard definition for on-road operations. PAB drivers must follow regular bicycle rules and regulations, wear approved bicycle helmets and are at least 16 years of age or older. There are still a number of legal considerations for operating any bicycle in Ontario.
On October 5, 2009, the Government of Ontario brought laws governing electric bicycles in the province. E-bikes, which can reach speeds of 32 kilometers per hour, are allowed to share roads with cars, pedestrians and other traffic throughout the province. The new rules limit the maximum weight of e-bikes up to 120 kilograms, requiring a maximum of nine meters of braking distance and prohibiting modifications to motor motors that will create speeds of more than 32 kilometers per hour. In addition, the rider must be at least 16 years of age, wear an approved bicycle or motorcycle helmet and follow the same traffic laws as a cyclist. Cities are also specifically permitted by law to limit where e-bikes can be used on their streets, bike lanes and trails, as well as restrict certain types of e-bikes (eg prohibit "scooter-style" e-bikes from lanes bicycle). E-bikes are not allowed on 400-series highways, highways or other areas where bicycles are not allowed. Riding an electronic bike under the age of 16 years or riding an approved helmet without a helmet is a new breach of the law, which carries a fine of between $ 60 and $ 500. E-bike racers are subject to the same penalties as other cyclists for all past offenses other traffic.
Manitoba
In Manitoba Electric Bikes can be classified as a scooter or a moped/mobility vehicle depending on the power of the engine used and its top speed. If the engine on the Electric Bike is less than 50cc and can not exceed 50 km per hour, the driver does not need to have a motorcycle license or special training. Electric Bikes can be driven by anyone who has a Class 5 License at each stage of the graduated licensing process. Class 5 Licensees Students require a person to be 16 (parents agreeing to under 18) and visit to the licensing office to pass a vision test and a written knowledge test on road rules and traffic signs.
New Brunswick
To be allowed on the road, a wheel rim larger than 9 inches, has a headlight for the night, seating at least 27 inches from the ground.
The New Brunswick Policy on the Cycle of Electric Motorcycles and Electric Bicycles
The Registrar shall permit cycles driven by an electric motor to be registered if it meets the Canadian Vehicle Safety Standard (CMVSS) as a Limited Speed ​​Motorcycle, or Scooter as it does with cycle-driven motorcycles. If the vehicle was manufactured after 1988 it would be a compliance label stating that it complies with this standard. The operator will be subject to all requirements placed on the motor-driven cycle operator.
If the vehicle is capable of powered by human power and has a 500W or less motor, and the motor is incapable of assisting when the vehicle runs at speeds over 32 km/h then it can be considered a bike and all the requirements placed on the cyclist apply.
It is important to note that if the vehicle has an electric motor greater than 500 watts and capable of powering the vehicle while traveling at speeds of more than 32 km/h and not having a CMVSS compliance label can not be registered unless the owner can prove, by having a vehicle certified by an engineer , that it is safe for operation on the NB highway. Also, not all vehicles are suitable for operation on the NB highway and may be the intended vehicle may not be a motorcycle or bicycle and can not be operated on the highway at all.
Label Power Assisted Bicycle:
Manufacturers of e-bikes must permanently affix a label, in a prominent location, stating in both official languages ​​that the vehicle is electrically powered bicycle as defined in the regulations under the Federal Motor Safety Safety Act. Homemade e-bikes will not have this label.
NOTE 1: Previous policy versions have sections that need to "look like a bicycle" or "bike style frame" but never define what it is. It has been dropped and is no longer part of the new policy.
NOTE 2: The highest speed of a bike if driven by human power is the posted speed limit, but the motor is only allowed to take you up and keep you at a speed of 32 km/h. If the limit is posted below 32 then the posted limit is the allowed limit.
NOTE 3: There is no maximum weight limit.
NOTE 4: Ebike is permitted to use a child cargo trailer/trailer.
NOTE 5: There is no minimum age limit.
NOTE 6: DUI - If you have DUI confidence, DUI restrictions override the ebike's ebike policy definition as a bike and put it into the motor vehicle category.
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
In Nova Scotia electric assisted bicycles are classified the same as a standard pedal bike. The Nova Scotia Motor Vehicle Act defines a power-assisted bicycle as a bike with an electric motor of 500 watts or less, with two wheels (one at least 350 mm) or four wheels (two of which are at least 350 mm). PAB is allowed on the road in Nova Scotia province as long as you wear an approved bike helmet with chinstrap used. They do not have to meet the requirements set forth in the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for motorcycles (they are not classified as "motor vehicles"), but they must comply with federal regulations that define the Electricity Aid Bicycles.
Prince Edward Island
Treated as Moped and must pass inspection as a moped.
Quebec
In Quebec, electrically assisted bicycles are often classified the same as a standard pedal bike. They do not have to meet the requirements specified in the Canadian Vehicle Safety Regulations (they are not classified as "motor vehicles"), but they must comply with federal regulations defining the Electricity Aid Bicycles. The Quebec Highway Safety Code defines a power assisted bicycle as a bicycle (2 or 3 wheels touching the ground) with an electric motor with a maximum power of 500W and a top speed of 32 km/h with a custom compliance label attached strictly by the manufacturer. PAB is permitted on the road in the province of Quebec, but motorists must be aged 14 years and over to ride an electric bike and if they are under 18 years old, must have a moped or scooter license.
Saskatchewan
Electricity aid bikes are classified into two categories in Saskatchewan. An electric power bike is a 2 or 3 wheel bike that uses pedals and motors at the same time. A power cycle uses both pedal and motor or motor only. Both must have a machine with 500 watts or less power, and should not exceed 32 km/h (20 mph), ie, an electric motor that cuts at this speed or cycle can not travel rapidly on a flat surface. The power cycle must comply with the Canadian Vehicle Safety Standard (CMVSS) for power-assisted bicycles. The power cycle requires at least a learner's driving license (grade 7), and all other 1-5 classes can operate this as well. Electric assistance bikes do not require a license. Helmets are required for each. Both are treated as bicycles with regards to road rules. Gas-powered or assisted bikes are classified as motorbikes regardless of engine size or if using a pedal plus a motor. Stickers that identify bike compliance with Federal classification may be required for power cycles by multiple cities or municipalities.
China (Mainland)
In China, e-bikes are currently under the same classification as bicycles and hence do not require a SIM to operate. Previously it was required that users register their bikes in order to be recovered if stolen, even though this was recently abolished. Due to the recent increase in electric bicycle-related accidents, caused mostly by inexperienced riders driving on the wrong side of the road, running red lights, not using headlamps at night etc., the Chinese Government plans to change the law illegal bicycle status so that vehicles with irregular weight of 20 kg (44 pounds) or more and a top speed of 30 km/h (19 mph) or more will require a motorcycle license to operate, while vehicles are lighter than 20 kg (44 pounds) and slower than 30 km/h can be ridden without permission. In the southern Chinese cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen, e-bikes, like all motorcycles, are banned from certain downtown districts. There are also restrictions in small places in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Beijing. However, the prohibition of "Scooter-Style Electric Bike" (SSEB) was canceled and in Shenzhen e-bikes can be seen on the current streets (2010-11).
Electrically powered bicycles are slower than 20 km/h without pedaling legally recognized as a vehicle that is not operated mechanically in China. According to "WATCH TECHNOLOGY", this should help promote its widespread use. Electric bikes were banned in some areas of Beijing from August 2002 to January 2006 due to concerns over environmental issues, the safety and image of the city. Beijing has authorized the use of an approved electric bicycle on January 4, 2006. Several cities in China still bans electric bikes.
Europe
Definition of the European Union
EU Directive 2002/24/EC excludes vehicles with the following definitions of type approval: "Pedal-assisted cycles equipped with additional auxiliary electric motors with a maximum continuous maximum measurement of 0.25 kW, which results in diminishing returns when the vehicle reaches a speed of 25km/h (15.5mph) or if the cyclist stops pedaling. "This is the de facto definition of an electrically assisted pedal cycle in the EU. As with all EU directives, each EU Member State must apply the requirements of the national law.
The European product safety standard EN 15194 was published in 2009. The objective of EN 15194 is "to provide a standard for the assessment of the electric powered cycle of a type that is excluded from type approval by Directive 2002/24/EC".
National requirements
Finnish
The bike can have a 250 W electric motor that provides a maximum speed limited to 25 km/h. Also the motor can only help, rather than replace the paddling. Electric motor 250-1000 W can be used, with the right insurance.
Norwegian
In Norway, e-bicycles are classified as ordinary bicycles, in accordance with the Vehicle Regulations ( kjÃÆ'¸retÃÆ'¸yforskriften ) Ã, § 4-1, 5g. Therefore, e-bikes are not registered in the Vehicle Registry, and there is no demand for licenses to move them. However, there are obstacles in the construction of bicycles. The maximum nominal motor power output can be no more than 250 watts and maximum vehicle performance speed when the engine is running is 25 km per hour (15 mph). A function that reduces motor power when a vehicle speed exceeding 25 km per hour is mandatory. However, if the motor is not running, e-bike, or other motor, it only answers the usual speed limit constraints.
Being a member of the European Economic Area (EEA), Norway implements EU directive 2002/24/EC. This directive defines legal ebikes for all EU and EEA countries for the " cycle with the help of pedals equipped with an additional electric motor having a maximum continuous value of 0.25 kW, which results in diminishing returns and finally disconnects as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/h or if cyclists stop pedaling. "This definition became part of Norwegian vehicle legislation in 2003. More detailed specification would be effective when the new European ebike product safety standard EN 15194 was published in 2009.
Swedish
In Sweden, e-bikes are classified as ordinary bicycles during the maximum nominal motor power output of no more than 250 watts and the maximum vehicle performance speed when the engine is running is 25 km per hour in accordance with Swedish Vehicle Regulation (Trafikverket).
Swiss
Switzerland (not in the EU) has led the way at the speed of e-bikes in Europe, liberalizing standards and allowing easier processing of licenses to use 45 km/h ebike as an alternative to the common 25 km/h pedelecs found in the EU and the whole world.
Turkish
The electric bike's engine aid is automatically disconnected at 25 km/h and allows driving safely.
United Kingdom
The definition of the European Union applies.
The tighter restrictions of the 1983 Electrical Walked Pedal Cycle Rules (including 200kg weight limit on solo bikes) were removed on April 6, 2015 by the 2015 Pedal Helper Assisted Cycle (Amendment) . "Information Sheet" (PDF) . Ã, " 2015 Electrical Cycle Rules (Amendment) Ordinance " (PDF) .
Riders must be at least 14 years old, but no driver's license is required.
NOTE: The 1983 Helper Electric Trademark Cycle Rules applies only to Great Britain. Northern Ireland, under the rule of devolution, remained under the law of 1983. No attempt was made to introduce compliance with the EU directive 2002/24/EC by the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Hong Kong
Electric bikes are not allowed in any public areas, meaning areas where there is full or partial public access. Any type of aid of pedals, electric bicycles, scooters, mopeds or vehicles which have any form of propulsion, whether in full or as aid, other than human labor, shall be approved as either automobiles, motorcycles, vans, trucks, buses or the like. This makes the two-wheeled private vehicles are tilt-controlled, and pedelecs illegal in all practical ways, as they can not be registered as motorcycles.
Hong Kong has an independent traffic law from mainland China. Electric bicycles are considered motorcycles in Hong Kong, and therefore need to get approval from the Department of Transport, just like cars. All electric bikes available in Hong Kong fail to meet the type approval requirements, and the Transport Ministry has never given the type approval for electric bicycles, making all electric bikes effectively illegal in Hong Kong. Even if they get approval of the type, the driver will need a motorcycle license to ride. As an additional note, Hong Kong does not have a moped vehicle class (and therefore no moped SIM), and motorcycles are considered motorcycles as well.
India
Indian law requires all electric vehicles to have ARAI approval. Vehicles with below 250W and speeds less than 25 km/h, do not require certification - then do not follow the full testing process, but need to get an exception report from ARAI. Whereas a stronger vehicle must go through a full testing process following CMVR rules. This can take time and cost money but ensures a safe and reliable design for Electric Vehicles.
Israel
In Israel, people over the age of 16 are allowed to use bicycles assisted by pedals with power up to 250W and a speed limit of 25 km/h. Bicycles must meet European Standards EN15194 and are approved by the Israeli Standards Organization. No license or insurance required. Other motorcycle bikes are considered motorcycles and should be licensed and insured as such. The maximum weight of the e-bike itself can not exceed 30 kg.
The Israeli Ministry of Communications is reviewing several options, currently between the US, Canada and EU legislation, the European Union is most preferred but the legislation has not yet been finalized.
The Israeli Authority passed a law, as of December 2009, allowing electric bikes to be legal for road use in the country under the following criteria:
- The maximum power of an electric engine is not higher than 250W.
- The electric motor is powered by the rider's driver and must be cut completely when the driver stops pedaling.
- The power of the electric motor decreases with the advancement of the speed of the bike and must be completely disconnected whenever the bike reaches a speed of 25 km/h.
- The electric bicycle must meet European standards - BSEN 15194.
Japanese
Electrically assisted bicycles are treated as human-powered bicycles, while electrically powered bikes alone face additional registrations and regulatory requirements as mopeds. Requirements include power plants by motors that can not be modified easily, together with power-assist mechanisms that operate safely and smoothly. In December 2008, the aid ratio was updated as follows:
- Below 10 km/h; 2
- 10-24 km/h; 2- (Running speed - 10)/7
- More than 24 km/h; 0
(Lihat Moped # Individual countries/regions)
Selandia Baru
In New Zealand, the rule reads: " AB (power assisted cycle) The pedal cycle attached to one or more additional driving motors having a combined maximum power output does not exceed 300 watts. " This is explained by NZTA as " The power supply cycle is a cycle that has a motor up to 300 watts.The law treats this as an ordinary cycle rather than a motorcycle.This means that it is not necessary to register or license it. Note that the phrase" power output maximum "found in the rules (but omitted in the explanation) can cause confusion because some e-bike motor manufacturers advertise and print on the motor." maximum input power "because the number is larger usually the motor runs at an efficiency of about 80%) thus giving the impression the buyer gets a stronger motor.It can cause misunderstandings with law enforcement officers who do not have to and when stopping motorists from using electronic bicycles at traffic stops, see the number on the motor to determine if the e-bike is legal or not.
Vehicles with power and power less than 300W are classified as "non-motorized". Such electric bicycles must obey the same rules as bicycles. You should wear a helmet even on a scooter or bike under 300W. If more than 300W power or combustion engine is used it is a "low powered vehicle" and moped rules apply. In particular, driver license and registration are required.
Philippines
In the Philippines, the Land Transport Office issued a Circular Memorandum 721-2006 stating that registration is not required for electric bicycles (ie electric motorcycles assisted with pedals), and even extending the release for "bike-like" vehicles.
United States
Federal laws and regulations on sales
The US Consumer Product Safety Act states that electric bicycles and tricycles that meet the definition of low-speed electric bicycles will be considered consumer products. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has the regulatory authority to ensure, through guidance and standards, that the public will be protected from the risk of injury or unnatural deaths associated with the use of electric bicycles.
Defined
The Federal Consumer Product Safety Act defines "low speed electric bikes" as two or three wheel vehicles with fully operable pedals, the highest speed when powered by a motor below 20 mph (32 km/h) and an electric motor producing less from 750Ã, W (1.01Ã, hp). The law authorizes the Consumer Product Safety Commission to protect people who drive low-speed electric vehicles by issuing the necessary safety rules. Rules for e-bikes on public roads, sidewalks, and lanes are under state jurisdiction, and vary.
In accordance with the laws adopted by the US Congress defining this category of electric-power bicycles (15 USC 2085 (b)), the CPSC rules stipulate that low speed electric bicycles (to include two and three wheel vehicles) are excluded from the classification as motor vehicles as long as they have fully operable pedals, an electric motor of less than 750W (1 hp), and an upper motor speed of less than 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) when operated by a 170-pound rider. The remaining electric bicycles in this specification are subject to CPSC consumer product regulations for bicycles. E-bikes produced commercially exceeding the power limit and these speeds are governed by federal DOT and NHTSA as motor vehicles, and must meet additional safety requirements. The law enacting amendments to the CPSC is also known as HR 727. The text of HR 727 includes the statement: "This section shall supersede any State law or requirement with respect to a low speed electric bicycle to the extent that the law of that State or its terms is stricter than the law or Federal requirements. "(Note that this refers to the consumer product rules that are enforced under the Consumer Product Safety Act. Preemption of stricter consumer product regulations does not limit the authority of the State to govern electric bicycles, or bicycles in general, under country vehicle codes.)
Country requirements to be used
While Federal law regulates consumer product regulations for "low speed electric bikes", such as with motor vehicles and bicycles, regulations on how these products are used on public roads are subject to country vehicle codes. There are significant variations from state to state, as summarized below.
Comparison of country rules and conditions
- Identity : How exactly does the law identify electric bikes?
- Type : How does the law define the type of vehicle?
- Max Speed ​​: Maximum speed when fully powered by motor.
- Max Power : Maximum motor power, or engine size, allowed.
- Helmets : Is the helmet required?
- Minimum Age : The minimum age of the carrier.
- License : Is license or support necessary?
Alabama
Each bicycle with an installed motor is defined as a motor-driven cycle. Operation of motor-driven cycle requires a class M driver license. Limited M class driver licenses are available for those aged 14 and over.
Arizona
Under Arizona law, electric motorcycles and tricycles that meet the definition under applicable law are not subject to proprietary rights, licenses, insurance or registration requirements, and may be used on any road permitted for use by bicycle conventional, including use in integrated bicycle lanes with motorized roads. Unless specifically prohibited, electric bicycles may be operated on multi-purpose routes intended for climbing, cycling, horseback riding, or other non-motorized use, and on tracks intended for exclusive use of bicycles. No operator licenses are required, but anyone operating a bike on Arizona roads should carry proof of identity. "Electric or tricycle" is legally defined as a bicycle or tricycle equipped with a self-propelled auxiliary motor, which operates at speeds of less than twenty miles per hour. Electric bikes operate at speeds of twenty miles an hour or more, but less than twenty-five miles per hour can be registered for legal use on the highway as mopeds, and above twenty-five miles per hour as registered mopeds with 'M' Support on the driver's license. However, mopeds in Arizona are prohibited from using bike lanes on motorized roads. The Arizona Law regulating electric motor bikes does not prohibit local jurisdictions from adopting regulations that further regulate or prohibit the operation of electric motorcycles or tricycles.
Arkansas
Arkansas does not define E-bikes. The following definition describes the combustion engine. E-electric bikes have no cylinder capacity and thus this law does not apply technically. The state defines "Motorized bikes" as "bikes with automatic transmissions and motors less than 50cc." Motorists require certificates to operate motorized bicycles, motorcycle licenses, motorcycle licenses, or Class A, B, C or D licenses. Certificates can not be issued to motorists under 10 years of age.
California
Electric Bicycles are defined by the California Vehicle Code.
The new law comes into force in January 2016. The current regulation establishes an "electric bicycle", a bicycle equipped with a fully operable pedal and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, separated into three classes:
"1st class electric bike," or "low-speed pedal-speed electric bike," is a bike equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider pedal, and it stops giving aid when the bike reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour. (2) "2nd class" electric bikes, or "low-speed throttle-electric bikes," are bicycles equipped with motors that can be used exclusively for moving a bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bike reaches 20 miles per hour. "3rd class electric bikes," or "electric bikes with speed pedals," are bicycles equipped with motors that provide assistance only when the driver pedals, (no gas) and stops providing assistance when the bike reaches a speed of 28 miles per hour, and is equipped with speedometer. Local government procedures are permitted to allow or prohibit electric bicycle classes on bicycle paths and special lanes, with Class 1 & amp; 2 is allowed, and Class 3 is blocked, by default.
Starting January 1, 2017, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles will be required to apply permanently-attached labels, in prominent locations, to every electric bike, showing its class. If the user "tamper or modify" the electric bike, change the speed capability, they must replace the label that indicates the classification.
Driver's license, registration, insurance, and plate requirements do not apply. Electric bikes are not motor vehicles. The laws of drinking and driving apply. Additional laws or procedures may apply to the use of electric bicycles by individual cities or districts.
Colorado
The Ebike definition in Colorado follows the 727 HR National Law: 20 mph (30 km/h) e-power and 750 W (1 hp) max, 2 or 3 wheels, pedals that work. Low-power Ebikes are permitted on roads and bicycle paths, and are prohibited from using their bikes on bicycle and pedestrian paths, unless overridden by local regulations. The town of Boulder was the first to do so, prohibiting ebike over 400W from bike lanes. Bikes and Ebike are not allowed on certain high-speed highways and all Interstates unless signed as "Allowed" on a certain rural Interstate stretches where Interstate is the ONLY means of travel.
Connecticut
Section 14-1 of Connecticut state law classifies electric bicycles as "motor-driven" if they have a seating height of not less than 26 inches and a motor that produces 2 or less brake horsepower.
Motor-driven cycle can be operated on the road without registration, but operator must have SIM. This cycle can not be operated on any sidewalk, limited access road or highway. If the maximum cycle speed is less than the road speed limit, the cycle should operate on the right lane available for traffic or over the usable shoulders on the right side of the road unless the operator does a left turn.
District of Columbia
Electricity and other "motorized bikes" do not need to be checked, do not require a license, and no registration required. Vehicles must meet all of the following criteria: a seat mounted on top for each person designed to carry, two or three wheels touching the ground, full operating pedals, wheels at least 16 inches in diameter and motors that are unable to push the device at more than 20 mph at ground level. The driver does not need a license, but must be at least 16 years old. DC laws prohibit motorcycles from traveling anywhere on the sidewalk or on bike trails. DC Regulation 18-1201.18 states: "Unless otherwise permitted to motor vehicles, no person operates a motorcycle on any sidewalk or bikepath outside or on a bike path within the District This prohibition applies even if the motorcycle is operated solely by human power. "So, if the car is banned in certain places, motor-assisted motorcycles are also prohibited.
Florida
DMV Florida RS-61 II Procedure II. "(B.) Dirt bikes note for off road use, motorized bikes and unregistered Go-Peds."
Bicycle Helper-Electric Motor
If you are at least 16 years old, one can ride a bicycle driven by a combination of man power (pedal) and electric auxiliary motors that can not run faster than 20 mph on flat ground without a driver's license.
Motorcycles and Motorized Scooters
Under Title 23, Chapter 316 codes, bicycles and motorcycles are defined as follows: Bicycles - Each vehicle is driven only by human labor, and every motorbike is driven by a combination of human power and auxiliary electric motors capable of pushing vehicles with a speed of no more than 20 miles per hour on the ground above which one can ride, has two tandem wheels, and includes a device that is generally recognized as a bike despite being equipped with two front or two rear wheels. This term does not include such a vehicle with a seating height no more than 25 inches from the ground when the seat is adjusted to the highest position or scooter or similar device. No person under the age of 16 can operate or ride a motorcycle. Motorized Scooters - Any vehicle that has no seat or saddle for the use of a rider, designed to travel no more than three wheels, and is unable to push the vehicle at speeds of more than 30 miles per hour on the ground.
In addition to the legal language, there are several judicial decisions on this issue.
Georgia
Georgia Code 40-1-1 Bagian 15.5
(15.5) "Electric assisted bicycle" means a device with two or three wheels that has full saddle and pedal operation for human propulsion and also has an electric motor. For such a device to be considered electrically assisted bicycles, it shall meet the requirements of the Federal Vehicle Safety Standard, as defined in 49 C.F.R. Section 571, et seq., And shall operate in such a way that the electric motor is discharged or ceases to function when the brake is applied. Electric motors in electric power bikes should be:
(A) Has a power output of no more than 1,000 watts;
(B) Unable to push device at speeds of more than 20 miles per hour on the ground; and
(C) Not able to increase the speed of the device further when the human power itself is used to push the device at or more than 20 miles per hour.
Hawaii
A Federal agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), has exclusive jurisdiction over electric bicycles for consumer product regulations, but this does not change state regulations on the use of electric bikes on roads and highways.
"Bicycles" means every vehicle "driven solely by human strength" where everyone can ride, own two tandem wheels, and include a vehicle generally recognized as a bike, although equipped with two front wheels or two rear wheels except a toy bike.
"Moped" means a tool that can be used to drive someone who is DOT Approved.
Under the law, mopeds must be registered. To be registered under Hawaii moped law must bear the certification label from the manufacturer stating that it complies with federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS). Moped should also have the following equipment approved by D.O.T. under Chapter 91: approved braking, fuel, and exhaust system components; approved steering and handling systems; wheel rims; fenders; protective or protective cover for belt drives, chains and rotating components; chairs or saddles; lamps and reflectors; control equipment; speedometer; standing support retraction; horn; and identification marks.
Illinois
(625 ILCS 5/11-1516)
- Sec. 11-1516. Bicycle is low speed.
- (a) A person may operate a low-speed electric bike or a low-speed gas bike only if the person is at least 16 years of age.
- (b) One may not operate low-speed electric bikes or low-speed gas bikes at speeds of more than 20 miles per hour on any road, road or highway.
- (c) Someone may not operate a low-speed electric bike or a low-speed gas bike on the sidewalk.
- (d) Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the provisions of this Article XV applicable to bicycles also apply to low-speed electric bikes and low-speed gas bikes.
(Sumber: P.A. 96-125, eff. 1-1-10.)
A motorcycle pedal requires a driver's license and is limited to 2 horsepower and 30 MPH over a 1 mile stretch.
Indiana
A Law to change Indiana's Code of Motor Vehicles.
Iowa
In 2006 a bill was passed that changed the definition of a bike to include a bike that has an electric motor of less than 1 hp (750 watts). The new definition, found in Iowa Code section 321.1 (40) c states:
"Bicycle" means one of the following: (1) A device has two wheels and has at least one saddle or seat for the use of a rider driven by human strength. (2) A device having two or three wheels with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts (one horsepower), whose maximum speed on a paved level surface, when supported only by the motor when ridden, is less than 20 miles per hour.
Kentucky
Electric bikes fit the definition of "moped" under Kentucky law. You do not need tags or insurance, but you need a driver's license. "Moped" means a motorized bicycle whose design of the mill may include one (1) or more horizontal axles supporting a fuel tank as long as it also has a pedal, or a motorcycle with a step-through type frame that may or may not have a pedal rated no more than two (2) brake horsepower, cylinder capacity not exceeding fifty (50) cubic centimeters, automatic transmission requires no grasping or shifting by the operator after the drive system is activated, and capable of reaching a maximum speed of more than thirty (30) miles per hour Helmet required.
Louisiana
Louisiana Revision Statute R.S. 32: 1 (41) defines a motorcycle as a pedal bike that can be driven by human labor or auxiliary motors, or by both, with motors rated no more than one and a half brake horsepower, the cylinder capacity does not exceed fifty cubic centimeters, automatic transmission, and which results in a maximum design speed of no more than twenty-five miles per hour on a flat surface. Motorbikes included in this definition must be registered and titled under the laws of Louisiana. In addition, motorized bicycles operated on Louisiana roadways or highways by a person fifteen years of age or older and earning more than five horsepower must have a valid driver's license with motorcycle support and comply with laws governing the operation of motorcycles, including wearing approved eye protection or windshields and wearing helmets. The law also states that "Motorcycles such as pocket bikes and scooters that do not meet the requirements of this policy will not be registered."
As R.S. 32: 1 (41) refers to motorized bikes using "automatic transmission" with auxiliary motors rated in horsepower and cylindrical capacity, not by watt or volts, the law practically does not include electrically driven bicycles, driven or pedal-assist.
Maryland
Maryland defines "electric bicycle" as a vehicle that (1) is designed to be operated by human power with the help of an electric motor, (2) equipped with a fully operable pedal, (3) has two or three wheels, (3) 4) has a motor with a rating of 500 watts or less, (5) and capable of reaching a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour on a multilevel surface when powered by a motor. (Senate Bill 379, approved by Governor 5/5/2014, Chapter 294.) This legislation does not include "electric bicycles" from the definitions of "mopeds", "motorcycles", and "motor vehicles", and removes ownership and requirements insurance required for electric bicycles under previous Maryland law.
Prior to September 20, 2014, Maryland law has classified electric bicycles as mopeds. Moped is specifically exempt from the definition of "motor vehicle" per Ã,§ 11-135 of the Maryland Transportation Code. Mopeds may not operate on sidewalks, walkways, highways with speeds installed exceeding 50 mph, or limited access roads.
Standard requirements for bicycle lighting, acceptable bicycle parking location, and a ban on wearing earplugs or headsets in both ears apply.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts General Laws defines three classes of two-wheeled vehicles: Motorcycles, Motorcycles, and Motorized Scooters. Although the definition of motorized scooters includes two-wheeled vehicles driven by electric motors with or without human labor, motor scooters specifically exclude anything that is included in the definition of motorcycles and motorcycles. Motorized bicycles are pedal bicycles that have auxiliary motor, or non-pedal bicycles with motors, with a cylinder capacity not exceeding fifty cubic centimeters, automatic transmission, and capable of a maximum speed of no more than thirty miles per hour. Motorcycles include bicycles with motors or steering wheels attached, with the exception of vehicles included in motorcycle-specific definitions. So, a pedal bike with an electric motor or a non-pedal bike with an electric motor, automatic transmission, and a maximum speed of 30 miles per hour will fall under the definition of a motorized bike. Electric bikes that do not meet these limits may be motorized or motorized scooters, depending on the specific characteristics.
A motorcycle shall not be operated by anyone under the age of sixteen, or at a speed of more than twenty-five miles per hour, above a public highway, a private road governed under the authority of a statute, a way dedicated to public use, or under the control of a park commissioner or body having such power, within the commonwealth. A motorcycle must not be operated in any way by a person who does not have a valid driver's license or a student's license. Any person who operates a motorcycle on the road must have the right to use all common means in the commonwealth except limited access or state highways where special signs prohibiting bicycles have been posted, and shall be subject to the laws of traffic and regulations of the commonwealth and the rules in this section, except that the motorcycle operator may remain on the right when passing motor vehicles traveling on the journey, and the motorcycle operator will signal with his intention to stop or turn. Motorbikes can be operated on adjacent bike lanes in various ways, but must be removed from off-street recreational bike lanes. Any person operating a motorized bicycle or riding a horse as a passenger on a motorcycle must wear a protective headgear in accordance with the minimum standards of construction and performance that may be determined by the registrar, and no one operating the motorcycle will allow others to ride passengers on motorized bicycles as such unless the passenger is wearing such protective headgear.
Responses to questions made to Mass DOT/RMV suggest that Massachusetts does recognize federal low-speed Federal Law bikes (15 U.S.C. Ã,§ 2085) and interprets that this means ebike does not require a license or registration. However, some materials available on the RMV website do not distinguish between "Motorized Bicycle" and low power. One of the forms, Converting Bicycles to Motorized Bicycles, does not document the release of ebike low power.
Michigan
(Updated 29 May 2015)
If you are a moped operator, you must follow the same traffic rules as other motor vehicle operators. A moped is defined by law as a motor vehicle with two or three wheels that: o Have a machine that does not exceed 100 cc piston displacement oDo not have gearshift oMemiliki a top speed of 30 mph or less on the level surface
Vehicles that exceed any of the above criteria must be listed and labeled as motorcycles. Other types of vehicles, such as electric scooters, "pocket rockets" and mini-choppers, may fit the definition of mopeds or motorcycles, but can not be registered by the State Department if they do not have the equipment required by law to drive legally. on a public road.
Minnesota
Electrically assisted bicycles, also referred to as "e-bikes", are part of a bike equipped with a small mounted motor. To be classified as an "electrically-powered bicycle" in Minnesota, the bike must have a saddle and operable pedal, two or three wheels, and an electric motor up to 1,000 watts, and meet certain federal motor vehicle safety standards. The motor must be removed during braking and has a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour (whether assisted by human power or not). Minn. Stat. Ã,§169.011, subd. 27.
Legislative changes in 2012 significantly changed the classification and regulatory structure for e-bikes. The general effect is to build electrically assisted bicycles as part of the bike and set the e-bike in much the same way as a bicycle than any other motorized device with two (or three) wheels. Law of 2012, ch. 287, art. 3, Ã,§Ã,§ 15-17, 21, 23-26, 30, 32-33, and 41. The 2012 legislature also modifies and clarifies the rules of e-bikes on bike lanes and lanes. Law of 2012, ch. 287, art. 4, Ã,§Ã,§ 1-4, 20.
After 2012 changes, electrically assisted bicycles are set up similar to other bikes. Most of the same laws apply. Minn. Stat. Ã,§ Ã,§169.011, subd. 27; 169.222.
Bicycles do not need to be registered, and titles are no longer required. Minn. Stat. Ã,§Ã,§ 168,012, subd. 2d; 168A.03, subd. 1 clause (11)
Plates are no longer required to be displayed on the back. View Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 169,79, subd. 3. It is not subject to motor vehicle sales tax (general sales tax will even owe on the purchase of e-bikes).
Driving license or permit is not required. Unlike non-powered bicycles, the operator's minimum age is 15 years. Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 169.222, subd. 6a.
The device does not need to be insured. View Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 65B.43, subds. 2, 13.
Electrically assisted bicycle operators must follow the same traffic laws as motor vehicle operators (except those that are irrelevant). Bicycles can be operated in two alignments. Operators generally have to drive as close to practical as possible to the right side of the road (exceptions include overtaking other vehicles, preparing for left turns, and avoiding unsafe conditions). Bicycles should be driven in one lane. Travel on the shoulder of the road should be in the direction of adjacent traffic.
Some restrictions also apply, such as: carrying a cargo that prevents keeping at least one hand on the handlebars or preventing proper use of the brakes, driving no more than two parallel to the road or shoulder, and installing a bicycle to another vehicle. Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 169.222, subds. 3-5. Vehicles can be operated on sidewalks except in business districts or when banned by local government units, and have to give in to pedestrians on the sidewalk. Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 169.223, subd. 3. By default, electric power bikes are allowed on the shoulders of the road and also on bicycle lanes, bicycle paths, and bike paths.
A local government unit having jurisdiction over a road or bikeway (including the Department of Natural Resources in case of state bike lanes) is authorized to restrict the use of e-bikes if: its use is inconsistent with the safety or general welfare of others; or restrictions are required to comply with the provisions of the land law in which the bikeway has been established.
Electrically assisted bicycles can be parked on the sidewalk unless restricted by the local government (although they can not block the normal movement of pedestrians) and can be parked on the street where other motorized parking spaces are allowed. Minn. Stat. Ã,§ 169.222, subd. 9.
During night operations, the bike must be equipped with a front headlamp, red reflector facing back, and reflector on the front and back of the pedal, and the bike or rider must have a reflective surface on each side. Minn. Stat. Ã,§169.222, subd. 6. Electric-assisted bicycles can be equipped with front-facing headlamps that emit blinking white lights, taillights that have flashing red lights, or both. Bicycles can carry studded tires designed for traction (as in snowy or cold conditions).
Helmets are no longer needed for e-bike use.
Mississippi
In Opinion No 2007-00602 of the Attorney General, Jim Hood explained that "motorbikes attached" do not meet the definition of "motor vehicle" under Sections 63-3-103. He stated that it is up to the authorities to create a bicycle path to determine if a bike with an installed motorcycle can be driven on a bike path. There is no specification about the motor made.
In Opinion No. 2011-00095 of the Attorney General, Jim Hood stated that operator licenses, helmets, safety insurance, title, registration, and security checks are not required bikes with installed motors.
Missouri
The electric bike seems to be considered a "motorized bike" under Missouri law. (307,180 RSMo).
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources has this policy for the use of electric bicycles on the Katy Trail, the state's longest partially funded trail with federal funds:
All motorized equipment is prohibited except for official and emergency vehicles. Electrically powered pedals and tricycles (20 mph maximum speed) and electrical mobility devices for people with disabilities such as motorized chairs and scooters are allowed.
Montana
The electric bike is considered a "bike" under Montana law because the legislation defines a bicycle in the definition of two parts where the first part of the definition describes a conventional bike driven only by human power and the second part of the definition describes a bike equipped with independent resources for propulsion at side of the foot pedal to allow muscle movers. (Code Montana 61
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